NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY 

FOR  THE 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


BY 
ROLLO  GEORGE(REYNOLDS, 


Submitted 

in  partial  fulfillment  of  the  requirements 

for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy 

in  the  Faculty  of  Philosophy 

Columbia  University 


NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 
1922 


Copyright,  1922  by  Rollo  George  Reynolds 
All  Rights  Reserved 


*">* 


>**<• 


CAPITAL  CITY    PRESS.    MONTTPELIER.   VT. 


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

Newspaper  editors  and  school  superintendents  furnished 
the  facts  which  have  made  this  study  possible.  Dr.  N.  L. 
Engelhardt,  Dr.  Milo  B.  Hillegas,  Dr.  E.  S.  Evenden  and 
Dr.  George  D.  Strayer  of  the  Teachers  College  Faculty 
have  brought  to  this  study  wise  counsel  and  careful  criticism. 
I  realize  the  debt  I  owe  to  the  many  who  have  contributed. 
I  wish  to  express  my  gratitude  to  them  all. 

R.  G.  R. 


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CONTENTS 

Page 

CHAPTER  I.    THE  SCOPE  AND  PURPOSE  OF  THE  STUDY 9 

CHAPTER  II.    THE  AMOUNT  AND  CHARACTER  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS  FOUND  IN 

THE  DAILY  NEWSPAPER 15 

General  Statement  of  Conclusions 15 

The  Material  Collected  and  Method  Used IS 

Detailed  Facts  and  Conclusions 17 

CHAPTER  III.     SCHOOL  NEWS  FROM  THE   EDITOR'S  VIEWPOINT 25 

General  Statement  of  Conclusions 25 

The  Material  Collected  and  Method  Used 26 

Detailed  Facts  and  Conclusions 27 

CHAPTER  IV.     SCHOOL  NEWS  FROM  THE  SUPERINTENDENT'S  VIEWPOINT. .  .  43 

General  Statement  of  Conclusions ,  43 

Material  Collected  and  Method  Used 44 

Detailed  Facts  and  Conclusions 45 

CHAPTER  V.     SCHOOL  NEWS  FROM  THE  NEWSPAPER  READER'S  VIEWPOINT  77 

General  Statement  of  Conclusions 77 

Material  Collected  and  Method  Used 77 

A  Scale  of  Newspaper  Articles 79 

CHAPTER  VI.    A  PROGRAM  FOR  SCHOOL  INFORMATION  SERVICE  IN  THE  DAILY 

NEWSPAPER '. 96 

Two  Kinds  of  Publicity 96 

The  Organization 96 

The  Financing  of  School  News  Service 99 

The  Collection  of  School  News 99 

The  Delivery  of  School  News 103 

Relations  with  the  Newspaper  Organization 103 

What  School  News  Shall  Be  Presented? 107 

Conclusion 1 19 

APPENDIX  A.     List  of  Newspapers  from  which  the  Counts  and  Measurements  were  secured  120 

APPENDIX  B.     List  of  Daily  Newspapers  Cooperating  in  this  Study 121 

APPENDIX  C.     List  of  Cities  in  which  the    Superintendents  of  Public  Schools  Cooperated  in 

this    Study 123 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

Figure  Page 

1  A  Scale  of  Newspaper  Articles 79 

2  Newspaper  Article  G 83 

3  Newspaper  Article  F 84 

4  Newspaper  Article  1 85 

5  Newspaper  Article  B 86 

6  Newspaper  Article  C 87 

7  Newspaper  Article  H 88 

8  Newspaper  Article  E 89 

9  Newspaper  Article  J 90 

10  Newspaper  Article  A 91 

1 1  Newspaper  Article  D 92 

12  A  Special  Purpose  Display  Advertisement 98 

13  A  School  Page  Dealing  with  One  Subject 100 

14  The  School  Column 102 

15  Special  Continuous  Campaign  Publicity 104 

16  Departments  Contributed  by  School  Children 106 

17  The  Sunday  Magazine — An  Opportunity 108 

18  School  News  in  the  Rotogravure  Section 1 10 

19  School  News  in  the  Special  "Column" 112 

20  Cartoons  Adapted  to  School  Publicity 114 

21  Charts  and  Graphs  in  the  Newspaper 1 16 

22  Public  School  Display  Advertisements 1 18 

23  School  News  of  Front  Page  Importance 11 

24  A  School  Page  Dealing  with  Various  Activities 14 

25  School  Matters  Discussed  in  the  Editorial  Column 24 

26  A  High  School  Number  of  a  Daily  Newspaper 42 

27  Special  Feature  Articles 76 

28  Sample  School  Page 95 

Form 

1  Tabulating  Sheet  for  the  Number  Count 20 

2  Tabulating  Sheet  for  Column-inch  Measurement 22 

3  Question  Sheet  Sent  to  Newspaper  Editors 37 

4  Question  Sheet  Sent  to  Superintendents  of  Schools 62-65 

5  Broadside  Containing  Ten  Newspaper  Articles 82 


TABLES 

Table  Page 

I  A  Number  Count  of  School  News  in  the  Daily  Newspaper 21 

II  School  News  Compared  with  Other  Types  of  News 23 

III  How  Newspapers  Collect  School  News 38 

IV  Types  of  School  News  Found  in  Daily  Newspapers 39 

V  The  Proper  Position  of  School  News  in  the  Newspaper 40 

VI  The  Value  of  Illustrations  to  School  News 4° 

VII  The  Value  of  Charts  and  Graphs  to  School  News 41 

VIII  The  Demand  for  School  News  by  Daily  Newspapers 41 

IX  Financing  Public  School  Information  Service -. 66 

X  Percent  of  Budget  for  Public  School  Information  Service 66 

XI  Organization  of  School  Information  Service 66 

XII  How  Public  School  Systems  Collect  School  News 67 

XIII  The  Centralized  Editing  and  Approving  of  School  News 68 

XIV  How  School  News  is  Edited  and  Approved 69 

XV  Relation  of  School  System  with  Newspapers 7° 

XVI  Newspapers  Having  an  Educational  Editor 71 

XVII  Departments  in  Newspapers  Devoted  to  School  News 72 

XVIII  The  Attitude  of  Newspapers  toward  School  Systems 73 

XIX  Editorial  Discussion  of  School  Matters 73 

XX  Continuous  Campaigns  Carried  on  in  the  Newspapers 74 

XXI  The  Best  Edition  for  Carrying  School  News 75 

XXII  Median  Ranking  Given  to  Ten  Newspaper  Articles 93 

XXIII  The  Number  of  "Better"  Judgments  in  Ranking  Ten  Articles 93 

XXIV  The  Number  of  "Better"  Judgments  Reduced  to  Percents 94 

XXV  The  Differences  Between  Ten  Newspaper  Articles  in  Terms  of  the  Unit  of  the  Scale.  94 


CHAPTER  I 

THE  SCOPE  AND  PURPOSE  OF  THE  STUDY 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

The  daily  newspaper  is  one  of  the  means  of  informing  the  public 
about  the  public  schools.  A  large  number  of  articles  have  been 
written  on  this  subject  but  they  have  all  been  general  in  content  and 
based  merely  upon  opinion.  One  study  on  the  subject'  includes  an 
opinion  of  the  value  of  the  daily  newspaper  for  carrying  school  news 
as  collected  from  in  superintendents  of  schools;  another'  includes  a 
classification  and  analysis  of  educational  news  found  in  a  single 
newspaper  over  a  period  of  one  year. 

The  purpose  of  the  following  study  is  to  present  a  body  of  fact 
relative  to  the  use  of  the  daily  newspaper  for  carrying  school  news 
throughout  the  United  States  and  to  draw  such  conclusions  as  seem 
warranted. 

The  scope  of  the  inquiry  is  indicated  by  the  following  headings : 

The  Amount  and  Character  of  School  News  Found  in  the  Daily 

Newspaper. 
School  News  From  the  Editor's  Viewpoint. 
School  News  From  the  Superintendent's  Viewpoint. 
School  News  From  the  Reader's  Viewpoint. 
A  Program  for  School  Information  Service. 

THE  AMOUNT  AND  CHARACTER  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS  FOUND  IN  THE 

DAILY  NEWSPAPER 

To  furnish  the  facts  for  this  part  of  the  study,  25  cities  were 
chosen  at  random,  representing  various  sections  of  the  country. 
They  were  selected  from  the  following  population  groups : 

Group      I.     Cities,  100,000  in  population  and  over. 

Group    II.     Cities,  30,000  to  100,000  in  population. 

Group  III.     Cities,  less  than  30,000  in  population. 

These  cities  were  distributed  over  seventeen  states,  representing 
five  of  the  geographical  divisions  of  the  country.  In  each  city  the 
largest  daily  newspaper  was   subscribed   to  for  a   period   of  three 

'Neale,  Mervin  G.  — School  Reports  in  American  Cities,  p.  60. 

JGarlin,  R.  E.  and  Pittenger,  E.  F. — Educational  Publicity  in  Daily  Newspapers.     School  Board 
Journal,  December  1921;  p.  41. 


10  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

months — January,  February,  and  March.     The  "size"  of  the  news-  Scope  and 
paper  was  determined  on  the  basis  of  the  circulation  figures  in  Ayer's  Purpose  of 
American  Newspaper  Annual  and  Directory  for  1921.      A  number  the  Study. 
count  was  then  made  of  the  news  articles  dealing  with  local  public 
school  matters.     In  addition,  a  column-inch  measurement  was  made 
of  the  school  news  found  in  six  of  the  above  newspapers,  two  from 
each  of  the  population  groups  mentioned.     It  is  believed  that  the 
newspapers  studied  represent  a  fair  sampling  of  school  news  in  the 
daily  paper.     The  facts  thus  collected,  analyzed,  and  tabulated,  are 
presented  as  evidence  of  the  amount  and  character  of  school  news 
found  in  the  daily  paper. 

SCHOOL  NEWS  FROM  THE  EDITOR'S  VIEWPOINT 

School  news  is  of  two  kinds;  that  which  is  secured  and  pub- 
lished independently  of  school  systems,  and  that  which  is  prepared 
especially  for  the  newspaper  by  school  systems.  In  either  case  it 
must  be  passed  upon  by  the  newspaper  organization.  It  is  therefore 
necessary  to  study  the  practice  and  opinion  of  newspaper  editors  in 
connection  with  school  news.  To  secure  this  information,  a  question 
sheet  was  sent  to  200  editors  of  representative  newspapers.  Replies 
were  received  from  98  editors  in  cities  representing  each  of  the  popu- 
lation groups  and  located  in  40  different  states.  This  point  of  view 
is  most  important  to  those  who  are  responsible  for  educational  pub- 
licity. The  facts  collected  from  these  question  sheets  will  be  set 
forth  as  representing  the  practice  and  viewpoint  of  newspaper  organi- 
zations relative  to  school  news  in  the  daily  paper. 

SCHOOL  NEWS  FROM  THE  VIEWPOINT  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT 

OF  SCHOOLS 

Information  for  newspaper  publication  is  often  collected  and 
prepared  within  the  school  system  itself.  Therefore,  the  policies,  prac- 
tices, and  opinions  of  school  superintendents  relative  to  the  publicity 
activities  of  school  systems  have  an  important  place  in  this  study.  A 
question  sheet  was  sent  to  500  superintendents  of  representative 
school  systems.  Replies  were  received  from  250  superintendents  in 
cities  representing  each  of  the  population  groups  and  located  in  45 
different  states.  The  facts  collected  from  these  question  sheets  will 
be  set  forth  as  representing  the  practice  and  viewpoint  of  superin- 
tendents of  schools  in  relation  to  the  collection,  preparation,  and  pub- 


FCgTEEN  JPjcj^ggrrs_ 


TUCSON  MUST  HAVE  MODERN 
HIGH  SCHOOL  OR  LOSE  HER 
RANK  AMONG  INSTITUTIONS 


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Lr  iS2SS  ^ropACKERSURGEDASANNUALCLASSES  ARE  UNABLE  TO  FUNCTION 

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BITTER  DEBATE 

INSTATE  SENATE 


BOARD  AND  COUNCIL  AGREE  ON$300  ,000 SCHOOL  BOND  ISSUE 


THE  DAILY  REPORTER 


Published  in  the  Interest  of  the  City  of  White  Plains 


VOL.  XIV.  NO.  137. 


WHITE  PLAINS,  N.  Y,  TUESDAY.  FEBRUARY  1.  1921  EIGHT  PAGES  ,-«'•  0  TWO  CENTS 


St?-« 


CONDITIONS  AMONG  HIGH  SCHOOi?s 
BOYS  AND  GIRLS  DISCUSSED  AT  BIG 
MEETING  OF  PARENTS-TEACHERS 

Principal  Houseman's  Talk  on  "Social  Activities  in  High  School,"  During  Which  He  Condemned  Fra- 
ternities, Saying  They  Are  Detriment  to  School,  Followed  by  Heated  Debate  Regarding  Alleged  Hap- 
penings at  Dances  of  Younger  Folk;  Critics  and  Defenders  Both  Are  Heard:  Principal  Stands  by  Ma- 
jority of  Students;  Meeting  Votes  Confidence  in  Faculty. 

-_.  ALLEGED  LAXITY  OF  MORALS  ON  THE  PART  OF  THE  YOUNG  PEOPLB  OF  THE  CITY,  WITH  PARTICULAR  ATTENTION  PAID  TO  THE  BOYS  AND 
GIRLS  OF  THE  HIGH  SCHOOL,  WAS  THE  CHIEF  TOPIC  OF  DISCUSSION  AT  LAST  NIGHT'S  MEETING  OF  THE  PARENT-TEACHERS  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE 
HIGH  SCHOOL.  PRINCIPAL  HOUSEMAN,  INVITED  TO  THE  MEETING  TO  GIVE  AN  ADDRESS  ON  ACTIVITIES  IN  THE  SCHOOL,  CONDEMNED  FRATERNI- 
TIES, SAYING  THEY  NEITHER  ARE  GOOD  FOR  THE  SCHOOI,  NOR  ARE  THEY  THEY  DEMOCRATIC.  THE  ONLY  REASON  HE  DOES  NOT  PULL  THEM  UP  BY 
THE  ROOTS  AND  BANISH  THEM  FROM  THE  SCHOOL  ALTOGETHER  IS  THAT  HE  IS  AFRAID  IT  WOULD  BE  TOO  DRASTIC  A  MEASURE.  THE  DANCES 
HELD  BY  THE  HIGH  SCHOOL  UNDERGRADUATES  CAME  IN  FOR  MOST  OF  THE  DISCUSSION,  THE  "FRATS"  BEING  INCLUDED  HERE  ALSO,  AS  THE  LARGER 
DANCES  ARE  UNDER  FRATERNITY  AUSPICES.  STORIES  OF  ALLEGED  DRUNKENNESS  OF  THE  PART  OF  AT  LEAST  ONE  FRATERNITY  MEMBER,  DENIED 
ON  THE  FLOOR  BY  A  MEMBER  OF  THAT  FRATERNITY.  OF  THE  LATE  HOURS  KEPT  BY  THE  YOUNG  BOYS  AND  GIRLS  OF  THE  SCHOOL  WHILE  AT  THESE 
DANCES,  OF  AT  LEAST  ONE  ANONYMOUS  LETTER  REGARDING  ALLEGED  CONDITIONS,  ITS  REFUTATION,  AND  A  HOST  OF  OTHER  TOPICS  WENT  TO 
MAKE  UP  ONE  OF  THE  MOST  HEATED  MEETINGS  OF  THE  KIND  EVER  HELD  IN  WHITE  PLAINS.  IT  WAS  BROUGHT  OUT,  AS  STATED  IN  THE  REPORTER 
YESTERDAY  BY  SECRETARY  REDDING  OF  THE  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  THAT  THERE  IS  A  TENDENCY  ON  THE  PART  OF  PEOPL5  GENERALLY  TO  USE  "HIGH  SCHOOL 
".mLS"  AS  A  STANDARD  EXPRESSION  TO  SPEAK  OF  THE  YOUNGER  GIRLS  OF  THE  CITY.  WHICH  STORY,  BY  THE  W  VY,  WAS  TAKEN  BY  SOME  AT  THE 
MEETING  AS  A  REFLECTION  ON  THE  HIGH  SCHOOL  BOYS  AND  GIRLS.  PRINCIPAL  HOUSEMAN  DEFENDED  THE  GREAT  MAJORITY  OF  HIS  PUPILS,  SAY. 
LNG  ALSO  THAT  SOME  OF  THE  BEST  MEMBERSQFTHESCHOOLBELONGTOTHE  FRATERNITLES.  OTHERS  DEFENDED  THE  YOUNG  PEOPLE,  FROM 
THE  CRITICISM  THAT  WAS  OFFERED.  THE  MEETING  SEEMED  TO  BE  DEALING  A  GREAT  DEAL  IN  GENERALITIES,  MOUNTAINS  BEING  BUILDED  UP,  OR 
AN  EFFORT  BEING  MADE  TO  BUILD  THEM  OUT  OF  MOLEHILLS.  THE  WHOLE  STUDENT  BODY  CRITICISED  BECAUSE  OF  THE  ALLEGED  ACTION  OF  ONE 
MEMBER  OF  THAT  BODY.  AFTER  THE  DISCUSSION  HAD  ENDED  THE  ASSOCIATION  TENDERED  A  VOTE  OF  CONFIDENCE  TO  THE  HIGH  SCHOOL  FACUL- 
TY.  NO  VOTE  WASTAKEN  ON  THE  CONFIDENCE  IN  THE  UNDERGRADUATE*  | 


Associated  Press  Newt  h 
the  Most  Reliable  News 
in  the  World 


VOL  7ft— HO.  37        (BtXTXll*  TAOM) 


t\  I  V  T\  U   1  \     ttlustoe  Jssoetated  Press       "^Jl  ▼  I  C  U 


[  //    You    Want    to   Know 
Anything  Ask   Timet 
Washington  Bureau 


qwa  mtnow) 


AntOH   OHIO,  WKDMHDAY  KTBlflWG.  JAUUaEy  2*.  19*1.'" 


BANDITS  ROB  OHIO  TkSASURER 

»♦♦♦»»»»»»  ■****♦•»*«**  *♦*♦*•*»#*  ****<~,~K~X- 

$1,000,000  FOR  NEW  SCHOOLS 


SCHOOL  NEWS  OF  FRONT  PAGE  IMPORTANCE 


12  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

Scope  and  lishing  of  school  news  in  the  daily  newspaper.     It  is  of  interest  to 

Purpose  of  note,  in  the  case  of  both  editors  and  superintendents,  that  a  large  per 

the  Study.  cent,  approximately  50%  took  pains  to  fill  out  the  question  sheets. 

SCHOOL    NEWS    FROM    THE    NEWSPAPER    READER'S    VIEWPOINT 

The  "consumer"  of  school  news,  the  newspaper  reading 
public,  is  after  all  the  final  judge  of  school  news  in  the  daily  news- 
paper. The  purpose  of  all  school  news  is  that  it  shall  be  read.  To 
complete  the  study,  therefore,  an  indication  of  the  viewpoint  of  the 
newspaper  reader  is  presented.  Through  a  statistical  process  of  se- 
lection, 10  newspaper  articles,  each  having  to  do  with  the  health  of 
school  children,  were  chosen  for  the  judgment  of  newspaper  readers. 
These  articles  were  reproduced  on  a  broadside.  The  readers  were 
asked  to  rank  them,  beginning  with  that  article  which  gave  the  great- 
est interest  in  the  health  of  school  children  and  ending  with  that 
which  gave  the  least  interest.  Judgments  were  received  from  369 
individuals,  128  women  and  241  men,  representing  8  occupational 
groups  and  residing  in  35  different  states.  In  addition,  the  judg- 
ments of  34  expert  women  advertisers  holding  important  advertising 
positions  in  the  city  of  New  York  were  secured.  From  these  judg- 
ments, a  scale  of  the  articles  has  been  constructed  and  is  presented 
as  an  indication  of  the  relative  value  which  the  newspaper  reader 
gives  to  certain  school  news  articles  in  the  daily  newspaper. 

A  PROGRAM  FOR  SCHOOL  NEWS  SERVICE  IN  THE  DAILY  PAPER 

The  last  chapter  of  the  study  consists  of  two  parts.  First,  the 
presentation  of  various  types  of  school  publicity  as  clipped  from  a 
large  number  of  newspapers  and  contributed  by  superintendents  of 
schools;  these  are  presented  for  the  purpose  of  serving  as  examples  to 
school  organizations  desiring  to  inform  the  public  through  the  daily 
newspaper.  Second,  suggestions  for  an  organized  school  news 
service  program  in  the  daily  newspaper. 

HOW  THE  FACTS  WILL  BE  PRESENTED 

Each  chapter  will  have  the  following  organization:  Firsts  a 
general  statement  of  the  conclusions  drawn  from  the  material  pre- 
sented in  the  entire  chapter;  this  will  be  presented  first  for  the 
benefit  of  those  who  do  not  care  to  go  into  the  details.  Second, 
a_xliscussion  of  the  material  collected  and  the  methods  used  in 
preparing  it  for  presentation.     Third,  the  specific  conclusions  drawn 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  13 

from  each  sub-topic  taken  up  in  each  chapter.     Fourth,the  tabula-  Scope  and 
tion   of  the  facts  upon  which   the   conclusions,   both   general    and  Purpose  of 
specie-are  based.  the  Study. 

THE  PURPOSE  OF  THE  STUDY 

The  public  schools  of  America  belong  to  the  American  people 
and  are  supported  by  them.  Their  interest  and  support  will  depend 
to  a  large  extent  upon  the  information  which  they  possess  as  to  the 
activities  and  needs  of  the  public  schools.  If  this  study  brings  to 
the  administrators  of  American  school  systems  and  to  the  editors  of 
American  daily  newspapers  a  conception  of  the  importance  of  the 
daily  press  to  the  public  schools  and  the  conditions  which  control 
the  use  of  the  newspaper  as  a  means  of  giving  school  information  to 
the  public,  it  will  have  served  its  purpose. 


JB 


KWICHITA'EACLt:  SUNDAY  HORNING.  fEBRUARYta,  Hit 


Seeing  Wichita  s  Schools  In  Stories  and  Pictures 


DECORATION  OF 
WrOUORS  FOR 
WKHIA  PUPILS 


WICHITA  SCHOOL  CHI  UMttH  HIA5  .NOTHING  IK  THE  WAY  OF  FLAT  GROUND  EQUIM«ENT 


WICHITA  PUPILS 
GET  EXPERIENCE 

AS  JOURNALISTS 


"HONOR  PUPILS  AT -1 
A.  H.  ANNOUNCED: 


UUi  U  Um  t »uJ  and  tcBunonljr  fill*  fr»«i  curb  to  rgrfc  »«tr 
in*    TIm  E«|k  cmmmu  omkl  >  lot  <>(  ctildrd  pi.;. 


Mexican  Pupils  In  Wichita  Are 

Eager  To  Be  CaUed'Americans,  ™"^?TSj>? 

Tat.  *»t  WW.  Z~t  -  All  A-trr.*..  A*J  W„,  ru*mHm 


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WHERE  IS  YOUR  MONEY? 


In  Your  Pur*?, 
Under  the  Mattreu, 
Under  Chair  UphoU 
•lery,  or  SAFE  in  • 

Savings  Bank? 


C-gP&^*~.  p^  Your  Money  Where  rHEra"-'=;:? 
2~irr»0r~.,^    You  Know  It'»  Safe      jErSJz^rzS. 

Let  the  Big  Fourth  Keep  It  For  You  And 
Pay  You  Interest  On  It 


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■Bl  FOURTH  NATIONAL  BANK 

MARKET  AND  DOUGLAS 


A  8CHOOL  PAGE  DEALING  WITH  VARIOUS  ACTIVITIES 


CHAPTER  II 

THE  AMOUNT  AND  CHARACTER  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS 
FOUND  IN  THE  DAILY  NEWSPAPER 


GENERAL  STATEMENTS 

The  facts  presented  in  this  chapter  uphold  the  following  state- 
ments : 

The  local  public  school  system  is  an  important  source  of  news 
found  in  the  daily  press. 

In  general,  the  newspaper  staff  believes  in  presenting  construc- 
tive and  informational  news  in  regard  to  the. public  school.  The  pro- 
portion of  school  news,  sensational  or  destructive,  which  is  found  in 
the  daily  newspaper,  is  extremely  small. 

The  editors  of  daily  papers  consider  school  news  of  sufficient  im- 
portance to  command  place  on  the  front  page  of  the  paper  and  com- 
ment in  the  editorial  column.  News  of  public  school  athletics,  in 
fact,  is  often  given  an  undue  amount  of  space. 

It  would  seem,  therefore,  that  public  school  matters  are  of  such 
importance  to  the  community  as  to  place  their  emphasis  in  the  daily 
newspapers  at  least  on  a  level  with  the  emphasis  given  to  society  and 
professional  sport.     This  is  not  the  case. 

Nevertheless,  to  the  school  administrator  the  fact  must  be  evi- 
dent that  the  newspapers  are  furnishing  a  large  amount  of  informa- 
tion about  the  public  schools  to  the  general  public.  This  medium  of 
school  publicity  is,  therefore,  worthy  of  his  consideration,  his  study, 
and  his  cordial  cooperation. 

The  general  summary  and  conclusions  given  above  are  based  on 
a  reading,  analysis,  and  classification  of  1800  newspapers  in  25  dif- 
ferent states. 

MATERIAL  COLLECTED  AND  METHOD  USED 

Any  selection  of  newspapers  upon  which  a  number  count  is  to 
be  based  should  include  newspapers  which  offer  a  wide  variety  in  the 
amount  and  character  of  the  school  news  which  they  publish.  From 
Table  I,  page  21  it  is  clear  that  this  variety  was  secured.  From  the 
list  of  cities  given  in  the  Appendix,  Table  A,  it  is  evident  that  the 
geographical  divisions  of  the  country  are  represented.  The  news- 
papers also  are  fairly  distributed  among  the  three  population  groups: 
nine  cities  from  Group  I  (100,000  and  over);  eleven  cities  from  Group 
II  (30,000  to  100,000);  and  five  cities  from  Group  III   (less  than 


\ 


16 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


The  Period 
of  Reading. 


The 

Classification  of 
School  News. 


Criteria  for 
Classification 
of  School  News. 


30,000).  The  particular  newspaper  chosen  in  each  city  was  arbit- 
rarily determined  by  selecting  that  paper  which  was  reported  in 
Ayer's  American  Newspaper  Annual  and  Directory  for  1921  as  having 
the  largest  circulation. 

The  newspapers  were  subscribed  to  for  the  months  of  January, 
February,  and  March,  of  1921.  All  issues  of  each  paper  which  were 
received  were  read.  The  non-arrival  of  certain  issues  through  faulty 
mail  service  or  other  reasons  accounts  for  the  fact  that  the  same  num- 
ber of  newspapers  was  not  read  for  each  city.  The  number  of  Sunday 
editions  read  is  indicated  in  the  tables.  The  period  of  time  over  which 
the  newspapers  were  read  does  not  include  the  opening  or  closing  of 
the  school  year.  At  such  times,  school  news  in  the  newspapers 
would  undoubtedly  be  heavier.  The  three  months  taken,  however, 
probably  represent  fairly  a  period  during  which  school  news,  unin- 
fluenced in  amount  by  special  occasions,  appears  in  the  daily  press. 

In  the  number  count,  only  articles  dealing  with  local  public 
school  news  were  considered.  These  were  classified  as  read  under  the 
following  headings:  Articles  Constructive  or  Informational  in  Na- 
ture, Articles  Sensational  or  Destructive  in  Nature,  and  Articles 
Dealing  with  Public  School  Sport.  In  addition,  the  number  of  arti- 
cles appearing  on  the  front  page,  the  number  of  editorials  dealing  with 
local  public  school  matters,  and  the  number  of  illustrations  accom- 
panying school  news  aritcles  were  enumerated. 

The  judgment  of  the  reader  determined  the  classification  of  each 
article.  This  personal  judgment  was  guided  by  the  following  cri- 
teria: 


1.     Constructive  or  Informational  Articles. 

a.  All  announcements,  reports  of  school  activities,  social 

events,  and  the  like. 

b.  News  items  having  to  do  with  the  conduct  and  prog- 

ress of  the  school  system,  such  as  school  building 
programs,  items  of  school  finance,  curricula,  and 
the  like. 


2. 


c.  News  items  evidently  released  by  the  school  system 

such  as  school  pages,  school  columns,  signed  arti- 
cles, and  the  like. 

d.  Personal  items  relating  to  students  or  teaching  staff. 
Destructive  or  Sensational  Articles. 

a.  All  news  "playing  up"  school  scandal. 

b.  News  items  in  which  the  emphasis  was  placed  on  some 

fad  or  foible  such  as  short  skirts,  rouge,  hazing. 


/ 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  17 

c.     News  items  in  which  the  school  system  was  attacked 
without  constructive  suggestions. 

3.  Articles  Dealing  with  School  Sport. 

Classification  self  determined. 

4.  Editorials. 

Only  such  as  dealt  with  local  public  school  matters. 

DETAILED  FACTS  AND  CONCLUSIONS 

Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  a  Number  Count  of  Newspapers 

IN  25   ClTIES  A  Number  Count 

of  School  News 
As  a  result  of  the  newspaper  reading  described,  and  from  the  jn  Daily 
data  tabulated  in   the  tables,  the  following  conclusions  seem  war-  Newspapers. 
ranted. 

1.  The  number  of  local  school  news  items  found  in  the  daily 

newspapers  is  large  enough  to  warrant  careful  considera- 
tion. In  1800  newspapers  from  25  cities,  5483  such 
articles  or  items  were  found.  Individual  cities  vary  in 
the  number  of  items  relating  to  school  news,  but  con- 
sidered in  the  three  population  groups  the  variation  is 
slight - 

2.  School  matters  are  evidently  considered  good  news  by  the 

daily  newspapers. 

3.  The  bulk  of  school  news  in  the  daily  press  is  constructive 

or  informational.  Table  I,  page  21  shows  that  64% 
of  all  school  news  items  are  of  this  character.  Individ- 
ual cities  vary  considerably  from  this  amount,  but  the 
variation  of  the  three  groups  is  negligible. 

4.  The  number  of  sensational  items  relating  to  school  matters 

is  extremely  small.  Only  5%  of  all  school  news  items 
are  of  this  type.  Newspapers  in  cities  of  Group  I  are 
more  prone  to  print  this  kind  of  news. 

5.  The  number  of  news  items  relating  to  school  sport  is  rela- 

tively large.  Of  all  school  news  items  30  %  deals  with 
sport.  Newspapers  in  cities  of  Group  II  seem  to  spe- 
cialize heavily  in  news  of  public  school  sport. 

6.  The  proportion  of  school  news  considered  of  front  page  im- 

portance is  small.  Of  all  school  news  5%  is  of  front 
page  importance.  This  varies  little  for  all  three 
population  groups. 


18 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


7.  Editorial  discussion  of  school  matters  is  fairly  frequent.  Of  all 

the  items  relating  to  school  matters  4%  is  found  in  the  edi- 
torial column.  Considering  the  limited  space  devoted 
to  editorials,  this  percentage  is  relatively  larger  than  the 
5%  of  school  news  items  which  appears  on  the  front 
page.  More  editorials  dealing  with  school  matters  were 
found  in  newspapers  of  Group  I. 

8.  About  one  in  every  ten  items  on  school  matters  is   accom- 

panied by  an  illustration.  Cities  of  Group  III  fall 
short  in  the  number  of  illustrations  used. 

In  Table  I,  page  21  the  measure  of  school  news  is  expressed  in 
Tabulation  terms  of  numbers  of  articles  having  to  do  with  local  public  school 

of  Number  matters.     In  the  count,  one  article  is  equivalent  to  any  other  arti- 

Count.  cle,  without  reference  to  space.     The  table   reports   the  frequency 

with  which  school  news  appears  and,  in  so  far  as  this  element  is  con- 
cerned, is  an  indication  of  the  importance  of  school  affairs  as  news 
to  the  daily  press.  If  anything,  the  number  count  reported  falls 
short  of  the  actual  number  of  school  news  items  appearing  in  the  news- 
papers studied.  No  doubt  some  items  were  overlooked  in  the  read- 
ing. 

The  news  items  found  in  each  issue  of  a  newspaper  were  re- 
corded on  a  tabulating  sheet  similar  to  Form  I,  page  20. 

The  results  obtained  are  found  in  Table  I,  page  21. 


The 

Column-Inch 

Measurement. 


Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  Column  Inch  Measurement  of 

Newspapers  in  6  Cities 

1.  The  amount  of  space  given  to  local  school  news  by  the  daily 

newspapers  is  considerable.  In  144  newspapers,  4645 
column  inches  of  space  were  devoted  to  public  school 
news. 

2.  Cities  of  Group  III  lead  in  the  number  of  column     inches 

given  to  this  kind  of  news. 

3.  The  space  given  to  school  news  constructive  or  informa- 

tional in  character  is  relatively  large.  Of  all  school 
news  in  the  six  newspapers  studied  66%  is  of  this  charac- 
ter.   Cities  of  Group  II  rank  the  lowest  in  this  particular. 

4.  The  amount  of  space  given  to  destructive  or  sensational 

news  is  extremely  small  Of  all  school  news  in  the 
six  newspapers  studied  5%  is  of  this  character.  Cities 
of  Group  III  devote  a  relatively  large  proportion  of 
their  space  to  this  type  of  news. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 19 

The  amount  of  space  devoted  to  public  school  sport  is  relatively- 
great.  In  the  six  cities  studied  30%  of  the  space  de- 
voted to  schools  dealt  with  public  school  sport.  Cities 
of  Group  II  lead  in  the  amount  of  space  devoted  to  sport. 

6.  The  editorial  column  devotes  considerable  of  its  space    to 

the  discussion  of  school  matters.  In  the  six  news- 
papers studied  4%  of  all  the  space  devoted  to  local 
school  matters  is  found  in  the  editorial  column. 

7.  Much  less  space  is  given  to  local  public  school  news  than  is 

given  to  either  "Society"  news  or  news  of  professional 
sport.  Of  27,299  column-inches  of  space  devoted  to 
local  school  news,  educational  news  other  than 
local  public,  society  news,  and  professional  sport, — 
professional  sport  stood  first  with  42%,  society  news 
second  with  31%,  local  public  school  news  third  with 
17%,  and  other  educational  news  fourth  with  9%. 

8.  School  news  is  well  illustrated   as  compared  with  news  of 

professional  sport  and  society  news.  In  the  six  news- 
papers studied,  society  news  leads  with  one  illustration 
to  every  81  column-inches  of  space,  local  public  school 
news  second-with  one  illustration  to  every  141  column- 
inches,  and  professional  sport  news  third  with  one 
illustration  to  every  170  column-inches. 

School  news  items,   items  under  the  heading  "Society",   and  Tabulation 
items  relating  to  professional  sport,  were  measured  in  six  of  the  news-  of  Column-Inch 
papers  included  in  the  number  count,  two  from  each  of  the  three  pop-  Measurement. 
ulation  groups.     These  were  chosen  as  typical  of  the  larger  group  of 
25  newspapers.     They  were  read  for  the  month  of  February.     The 
criteria  for  the  classification  of  the  school  news  articles  were  the  same 
as  those  which  governed  in  the  number  count:    Under  society  news 
all  items  were  included  which  were  published  in  the  newspaper  under 
the  heading,   "Society  News",  "Social  Happenings",  and  the  like. 
The  other  classifications  used  are  self-determining.     The  statement 
which  was  made  relative  to  the  accuracy  of  the  number  count  can 
be  applied  to  the  columns-inch  measurement. 

The  column  inches  found  in  each  issue  of  a  newspaper  were  re- 
corded on  a  tabulating  sheet  similar  to  Form  2,  page  22. 

The  results  obtained  are  found  in  Table  II,  page  23. 


20 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


FORM  1. 

TABULATING  SHEET  FOR  THE  NUMBER  COUNT  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS  ITEMS 

IN  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS 


l-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-ll-12-13-14-l&-16-17-l*-l»-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28-29-30 
31 


AKRON 

Dec. 

BOISE 

Jan. 

BUFFALO 

Feb. 

CANTON 

Mar. 

DAVENPORT 

Apr. 

DENVER 

Mat 

DES  MOINES 

June 

DETROIT 

July 

GREAT  FALLS 

Aug. 

HAVERHILL 

Sept. 

LINCOLN 

Oct. 

LONG  BEACH 

Nov. 

MANCHESTER 

MUSKEGON 

NEWARK 

OAKLAND 

ROCHESTER 

ROCKFORD 

SALT  LAKE 

SAN  DIEGO 

SCRANTON 

SEATTLE 

SPOKANE 

WHITE  PLAINS 

WICHITA 

LOC. 

1st  pa. 


LOC. 
ILL. 


LOC. 
EDIT. 


INF.  OR 
CONSTH. 


SEN8AT. 
DESTRUC. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


21 


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Number  of 

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Percentage 

Of  Articles 

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Total  Number 

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Number 

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Sunday 
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Geographical 
Location 

Middle  Atlantic 

North  Central 

Middle  Atlantic 

Plateau 

Pacific 

Middle  Atlantic 

Middle  Atlantic 

Pacific 

Pacific 

North  Central 
North  Central 
North  Central 
New  England 
Plateau 
North  Central 
North  Central 
New  England 
North  Central 
North  Central 
Pacific 

Plateau 
Plateau 
Pacific 

North  Central 
Middle  Atlantic 

■HeNco-*>ccot>ooo5 

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Size 
of  Cities 

Group  I 
100,000 
and  over 

in 
Population 

■a 

o 
Eh 

Group  II 
30,C00 

to 
100,000 

in 
Population 

m 

e2 

Group  III 
Less  Than 
30,000  in 
Population 

« 
o 
Eh 

§ 

% 


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22 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


PAPER 

I.    LOCAL  EDUCATIONAL  NEWS 


FORM  2. 

TABULATING  SHEET  FOR  COLUMN-INCH  MEASUREMENT 
DATE 


EDITORIAL 


ATHLETIC 


CONSTRUCTIVE 


NON-SOCIAL 
INFORMA- 
TIONAL OR 
ANNOUNCE- 
MENT 


SOCIAL 


SENSATIONAL 


CUTS 


No. 


In. 


TOTAL 


Pg. 


Pos. 


II.    EDUC.  NEWS  OTHER  THAN  PUBLIC  LOCAL 


No. 

In. 

Pg. 

Pos. 

COLLEGE 

STATE  OTHER 

THAN 

NATIONAL 

NATIONAL 

NON-PUBLIC 
LOCAL 

TOTAL 


Phot.    Graph. 


III.    SOCIETY  NEWS  (SO  LABELED) 


No.     In 


Pg. 


Pos.       Phot. 


Otaph. 


TOTAL 


IV.    SPORT  OTHER  THAN  PUBLIC  LOCAL 


Graph. 


No. 

In. 

Pg. 

Pos. 

Phol. 

TOTAL 


REMARKS: 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


23 


TABLE  II. 

SPACE  DEVOTED  TO  LOCAL  SCHOOL  NEWS  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  DEVOTED  TO  SOCIETY, 
PROFESSIONAL  ATHLETICS,  AND  EDUCATIONAL  NEWS  NOT  PUBLIC  LOCAL 
1.    NEWS  DEVOTED  TO  THE  LOCAL  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  IN  COLUMN  INCHES 


Percent 

Percent 

Number 

Percent 

Percent 

of  Sen- 

oj Ed- 

of 

of  Con- 

of 

sation- 

itori- 

Cuts 

Number 

struc- 

School 

al  or 

als  on 

Used 

Number 

Sunday 

Total 

tive 

Ath- 

Destructive 

Local 

With 

Population 

Papers 

Edi- 

Column 

School 

letic 

School 

School 

School 

City 

Group 

Read 

tions 

Inches 

News 

News 

News 

Mailers 

News 

A 

Group  I 

23 

2 

315 

63 

35 

1 

23 

3 

B 

Group  I 

24 

0 

440 

67 

31 

2 

6 

9 

C 

Group  II 

28 

4 

904 

37 

61 

1 

2 

11 

D 

Group  II 

24 

0 

901 

47 

48 

5 

0 

5 

E 

Group  III 

23 

0 

1129 

86 

11 

3 

4 

3 

F 

Group  III 

22 

0 

956 

86 

7 

14 

3 

2 

All  6 

Cities 

144 

6 

4645 

66 

29.5 

5 

4 

33 

2.  EDUCATIONAL  NEWS  OTHER  THAN  LOCAL  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  IN  COLUMN  INCHES 


City 

Population 
Group 

Number 

Papers 

Read 

Number 
Sunday 
Edi- 
tions 

Total 

Column 

Inches  of 

Educational 

News  Other 

Than  Public 

Local 

Percent 

of 
College 
News 

Percent 

of 

Slate 

Educa- 
tional 
News 

Percent  of 

National 

Educational 

News 

Percent  oj 

Non-Public 

Local 

School 

News 

A 
B 
C 
D 
E 
F 

Group  I 
Group  I 
Group  II 
Group  II 
Group  III 
Group  III 

23 
24 
28 
24 
23 
22 

2 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 

524 
604 
764 
495 
105 
42 

85 
80 
67 
72 
31 
100 

1 

29 

6 

19 

38 

7 
6 

15 
5 

30 

1 
12 

5 

All  6  Cities 

144 

6 

2534 

74 

16 

10 

5 

3.    SPORT  OTHER  THAN  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  IN  COLUMN  INCHES 


Total  Number 

Number 

Number 

Column  Inches 

Number  oj  Cities 

Population 

Papers 

Sunday 

Devoted  to  Sport  Other 

Used  with  Sport 

CUy 

Group 

Read 

Editions 

Than  Public  School 

News 

A 

Group  I 

23 

2 

3577 

13 

B 

Group  I 

24 

0 

914 

11 

C 

Group  II 

28 

4 

4461 

39 

D 

Group  11 

24 

0 

1469 

2 

E 

Group  III 

23 

0 

1026 

0 

F 

Group  III 

22 

0 

128 

3 

All  6  Cities 

144 

6 

11575 

68 

4.    SOCIETY  NEWS  IN  COLUMN  INCHES 


Total  Number 

Number 

Number 

Column  Inches 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

Papers 

Sunday 

Devoted  to 

Used  with  Society 

CUy 

Group 

Read 

Editions 

Society  News 

News 

A 

Group  I 

23 

2 

2141 

52 

B 

Group  I 

24 

0 

968 

20 

C 

Group  II 

28 

4 

1520 

20 

D 

Group  II 

24 

0 

2243 

11 

E 

Group  III 

23 

0 

1246 

3 

F 

Group  III 

22 

0 

427 

0 

All  6  Cities 

144 

6 

8545 

106 

5.  SUMMARY  TABLE  IN  COLUMN  INCHES 

J'otal  Column 
Inches  Devoted 
to  All  Four 
Items 

Percent  of 
Local  Public 
School  News 

Percent  of 

Educational 

News  Other  Than 

Local  Public  School 

Percent 

of 

Society 

News 

Percent  of 

Sport  News 

Other  Than 

Public  School 

All  6  Cities                      27299 

17 

9 

31 

42 

llMtbfHTNIINIilUMI'MltU^tmiLti 

TOITriT  B  LETHE!** President  and  General  Manager  I 

C.  B-  BLETUKN Zdttor  and   Publisher  [ 


ItfMWywgty  $ 


NO  REASONABLE  OBJECTION  can  be  raised  to  the 
demand  of  the  Seattle  school  authorities  that  stu- 
dents in  the  High  Schools  should  pass  in  three  out  of 
four  subjects  in  each  semester. 

The  courses  of  study  in    these    institutions    are    not 
notably  difficult. 


[        The  Tucson  Citizen 


BOISE  SCHOOLS 


Moreover,  it  is  rare  to  fin 
ders.  The  High  School  student 
relaxation.  But  the  comparat 
must  not  be  inverted. 

Nothing  must  be  allowed 
for  which  High  Schools,  and  .Of 

"•►Dally,  threi 
Daily,  one  i 


ASSOCIATED  PRESS   LEASED   WIRE  EVEBX   WVSK  DAX 

ITN1TED  FRE69  *,■**»«*>  WIRE  SUNDAY  MOKXLKa 

Membav 

AMERICAN  NEWSPAPER  FTRUSHEBS*  AJ9BOOUTJ0M 

AUDIT  BUREAU  OF  CXRCCLATEOII 

ARIZONA  DAILY   NEWSPAPER  ASSOCAATJOK 


The  BUfestnan  puMMim  at  the  re- 
•iiiest  of  correspondent  figures  that 
deal  with  actual  and  proposed  expend' 


ree  moral.*,  by  mall,   in  advance 

month,  by  ma-l.  in  advance         

._   ^utelde  of  Spokane.    ihiou«h  ag-nia. v* 
lae.  city  subscribers,  by   carrier    payable  weeblT. 
Weekly    Chronicle,    ill    m*mhs     in    advance,    b 
year.   In  n.dv-,nrr\   $100. 


Thoy  we/e  given  by  the   president  of 
'ho  school  board  and  are  as  follows: 

For  year  Ending  June  ' 


ituir.  of  the  boim  »c»-ooi  diKrici.  Spokane  Can  Not  Afrord 


•"ub'.lshsd  a-eir  mk4ir  evening  ul  "hrndar  morning  at  T»a 


to  Make  Her  Schools  V 

t    With  the  defeat  of  IV  «ri I  rode.  S| 

3o.  i»i»  .' s2u.201.so     schools  are  facing  a  toclur  fmniiir  for  th< 

*  M*?.!^  Ji:n*««.4.».«    .1922  term,  according  »  ft*  iv,,o.t  vl  sch. 

Estimate'  for    year    end-  fteials. 


MmSTw^O&mrSSiScS^   Addrea.  .11  communis  ALL  HONOR  TO  NEAR  CHAMPS. 

te  The  Tucson  Cltiien.  Citizen  Building.     Entered  at  second  elusM|  Rockford    never    sent    a    teem    to    ih»    stale    hies  . 

Oetober  W.  llfll,  at  Ue  poetoffice  at  Tnc»on.  ArUonn.  under  «t  of  ss^  basketball  »■■»■■■■■  -which  fought  harder  for 

*»  ****•  the    championship    than    the    vt>i.i<t    which    battled    so 

-  ....  .liami)    with   their   old    time    foe.   the    Marlon    Ave,   »*. 

■j  Liberia   Saturday   night  ami   ihr.n   only  lost  first   honors 

■jby  a  whisker  In  the  final   quar'er  of  the  championship  - 


The  Associated  Preae  la  eiclusltely  entlUed  to  the  uso  of 
e-f  all  new*  dispatches  credited  to  It  or  not  otherwise  credited  In 
and  also  the  local  news  published  berets. 


support  the  high  s^oT  £    TBE  DMY  REPORTER  MUST  NOT  LO 

,„  Whit*  Main*  Dally  Record  and  White  Plains  Dally  An 
CUPT.  C  T.  ROSE  of  the  Tucson  schools,  in  today's  Citi-  „ul  official  city  and  County  Newspspsr 

zen,  states  definitely  just  what  his  views  are  as  to  the  con-"1" 
Mruction  and  uses  of  the  proposed  new  high  school  for  Tucson.  i„ 

In  promising  the  readers  of  The  Citizen  on  Thursday 
that  such  a  statement  would  be  submitted  to  them  today, 


Published  Every  Business  Day  By  CONSIDERATION  a 

~ THE—  [V    omT  can  or  will  lost 

White  Plains  Publishing  Co.  *■  *  drastic  curtailment  ot 

(INCORPORATED)  lioul   appropriations   being 

Marlon  Bldg.,       148-150-1S2  Martins  Ave.      Telephone  upon  the  stats  Legislature, 


OUR  CHILDREN 
IUST  NOT  LO 
THEIR  HERIT; 


thiough  The  Citizen  by  Mr.  Rose,  we  said: 

"We  prophecy  his  sute  of  mind  In  advance  of  Sun- 
day tar  enough  to  assert  that  ire  expect  It  to  be  such  a 

svaesj  t.  ssjfJaj  to  be  spent 

TO    SPEAK    WELL. 
Educational  devices,  like  almost 
•  urut  it.  in  *  u»  v*°"**J?    everything   else,  are  a   matter   ol 
™'%  * vIt^"  "T**""  "*""  .development    They  do  not  come 

■  ■         T      —    into  being  full-grown;  nor  do  they 

AND    ASHMEN.    attajn  a   state  0f  perfection  over- 


Entsrsd  as  second<clsss   matter   May  «,  1918,  at  the   f 
Office  at  Whits  Plains,  N.  v.,  under  the 
Act  of  March  3.  1879. 


SCHOOLMASTERS 

The  council  hss  lost  no  time  in 


tak- 


night      There  are  devices  that  can 


W.  Las  Tullsr 
Wsltsr  V.  Hogan 


Publn 
Ed 


SUBSCRIPTION  RATES  BY   MAIL 
One  Month— oOc  Ons  Year— | 


Foreign  Repreaentative:  Geo.  B-  David  Co.,  Inc.,  171  M 
eon  Ave.,  New  York  City.    A.  R.  Kester,  1411  Hartfo. 
Bldg.,  Chicago,  III. 


C  full  advantage  of  the  decision  of  De  rcj,cled  at  once  because  Ihey 
the  Court  of  Appeal*  in  the  Buffalo  do  not  meet  the  demands,  and, 
school  case  It  went  so  fsr  at  yes-  incr<  are  others  which  wilh  a  little  j 
uidaj's  meeting,  when  the  budget  readjustment  may  be  made  to] 
wss  adopted,  aa  to  fix  the  salaries  of  |  work  with  great  success. 


Whits  Plain.,  N.  Y.,  Thursday,  February  24,  1921 


employes  of  the  department  of  edu-        To  the  latter  class  belong  the  ]  t(,e  part  0(  everyone 
cation.  tlu>  despite  the  objection  of   ....:......-_ ^fj-^g^g^  schools. 


SCHOOLS 
The  people  o.  this  city  are  faced  by  a  fact  that]  TJZTZTZi 
needs  to  be  met  with  serious  consideration  on 


THE  SCHOOLS  RE-4 

Klklii*'  iif»t  iiii|N>risnt 
(asssfej  fit  .|.-.iw  saaelsl  ln.li,*; 
tlit-if  Im*  t-t-n.  iss  il»-pn-»» 
w  Iiool  -*>-.|t  ■•■  Tsa»  I'laiil  1 
•  Witt  tiMlfl\  Hihii  ■■  mer  wai 
it  liml  ;■  lui-i-r  i*  more  eft. 
HUM'    iili'l    ••iM'tnlhli:    »:  Is  IT 

TO  FIND  THE  RIG1 
The  conditions  out  ol 
m'  so-called     part-time     ci 
L"  school  ha*  grown   arc  t 
■  ■  valid  and  serious  to  mak 


a 


It  exists  in  the  public 

-  "•"        T-  Titian iTnlirilT  schools. 

CommissMmer  «™v"  d  f.  On.  o(  The  joun«l-.  eorrewndent.  Accor.ling  to  Superintendent  of  Schools 
JEES2Z2  „..  UZ  ~*™'£^TZ'Z£r%  LB»tard  there  are  now  1800  children  on  part 
in  recognition  of  long  and  faithfi  >w(  o(  rlJht  a^  wnms.  says  the  saw  time.  More  than  one  third  the  total  of  school 
service  The  bir>>  ground  of  Us  rw„„icr.t.  should  n.  orousht  home  .»  ghildren  in  the  city !  Nearly  one-half  the  boys 
eemimssioneiV  endeavor  was  pel,,, 
—  es- '  i—  i t  .  _  ;  .»    ?a rs s  _iir  -noraj  ewesl-looth. 


Wichita  Daily  Eagl 


*»J"a«  •*  s»t>  ivMuifx-  iu  Wtcs.i-  aassa* 
tw    ymtmUt'mi    tar«us%    iW    atall    at 


i-tr5*w^r.  Wgi«c  ^ 

■  »«■'  >Vsa  w  «w  rvt#     •     w«-a.i. 
••-a    *v*    Bk*«s    sjaX      sWsrs    TtVs 

'vTutiV.narji  •vus 

■w*"l      «IWIIa*sr>       M#      rt«a>s.*t      I|      kMM      « 


^TJ!l^^mfimJmEX**  PrU  of  While  P,ains  receiving  their  educa^ 
<•  a  pr.ncipk.  chalk  downr<KM  maxims  tion  in  a  haphazard  sort  of  .way,  due  to  the  fact 

_.on    Uto    blackboard    for    memorlslnf.    sfd  ^ — .  «J _      .     -..-    i.-    a. * 

€ Ln*n  chlldra,  Mm.  toward  with  honast  £15?  SCHOOL   EXPENSES    LAST!        .„. 

bl>robkms  meat  Om>iii  openly      Our  Tsar  M  -    -                                                   J 

'"    "^'^H^"1*    r*#*fU*d  M   morallflc   sias.es   ha»  s-sr^HB    TIMES    WARMLY    COMMENDS    tho    iHBaate 

h    u  ^JiH&i'kVwi'^  »"  «*•  ■t«»*«tion lof  rur  morr       I       retroDchm«t   program    advocated    before     tbef 
.^j^mansmay^  been  dour.  W     £      ,Uf  Hoa«  yeat.rday  by  Speaker  E    H.  Ollle-L 
JS  »as  w  obMTrrr  oot  demude  tbat  this  rcironcbment  shall  not  be  at 
,.-•**      -,    the  expeasa  ot  tbe  school  children  of  Washington.        £ 
Cot,  by  all  means,  and  In  every  possible  direction! 
Tbe  public  demands  vigorous  action.     Tbe  necee- 
slttes  or  tbe  taxpayers  of  Washington  command  It. 

Aa  Mr  Onl*  significantly  declared:  "If  ibta  Re- 
pobltcan  Legislature  falls  to  curb  tbe  useless  increas- 
ing: state  Indebtedness  and  the  consequent  tax  bwden. 
it  would  be  well  bad  we  never  convened." 


every  community.  It  t 
more  than  ever  e*sentb 
boys  and  girls,  when  thi 
work,  should  be  helped  \ 
selection  of  the  work  • 
training  (or  it  by  son 
organized  guidance. 

There  is  in  the  life  o 
vidua!  little  clic-that  is 
portant  thtn  the  finttii 
right  job,  the  work  (or 
ii  qualiftrd.  Not  a'f- 
tragedies  of  middle  an 
ome    to   lisrhi. 


*•<•'.•     ••   Sawvics 

•  U    »ilir»     (trarj     |ts.f> 
•'fa****      PtsMsshhsasi      in 


Long  ago  Pluto. 

LlBasK  '  -""■ 


Intelle 


FINISH  IT 


The  Roosevelt  lotennediste  school* 
Isrrest  sed  hkbdsomest  of  Wlchlts'a 
public  school  buildings.  Is  sbout  hair 
finished,  sod  work  upon  II  bsa  been 
abandoned.   Thi 


buildlna  Is     h.41.  I' 


HE  chief  defect  • 
excess  of  instrui 
in,  but  we  do  no*, 
but  we  do  not  --» 
may  take  them  or  leas  e  > 
There  Is  onlv  ons  Inference  In  he  drawn  from  *■'•  |hfj  art  useless  iu  tb»  «* 


H 


SCHOOL  MATTERS  DISCUSSED  IN  THL  EDITORIAL  COLUMN 


CHAPTER  III 

SCHOOL  NEWS  FROM  THE  EDITOR'S  VIEWPOINT 


GENERAL  STATEMENTS 

From  a  study  of  the  material  contained  in  Chapter  III,  the  fol- 
lowing conclusions  have  been  drawn. 

School  items  have  real  news  value  to  the  daily  press. 

School  systems  are  cooperating  to  some  extent  with  newspapers 
in  the  collection  of  school  news. 

A  large  amount  of  school  news  is  being  collected  by  newspapers 
independently  of  the  school  organization. 

To  a  considerable  extent,  school  reporters  are  furnishing  school 
news  to  the  newspapers. 

The  type  of  school  news  published  in  the  daily  newspaper  is  to 
some  extent  determined  by  the  size  of  the  city. 

School  pages  and  school  columns  are  not  common  types  of  school 
news. 

Special  feature  articles,  high  school  notes,  elementary  school 
notes,  and  Parent-Teacher  Association  notes  are  the  most  common 
types  of  school  news. 

Public  school  athletic  news  is  given  undue  emphasis  in  the  daily 
press. 

The  best  type  of  school  news  is  that  which  has  news  value  in 
itself. 

School  news  should  not  in  general  be  placed  in  departments.  It 
should  take  "the  run  of  the  paper"  and  compete  with  other  news  for 
position. 

In  general,  newspaper  editors  do  not  approve  of  charts  and 
graphs  in  school  news. 

The  use  of  illustrations  in  connection  with  school  news  is  influ- 
enced in  large  newspapers  by  the  amount  of  space  available,  and  in 
small  newspapers  by  the  expense  entailed. 

Newspaper  editors  evidently  desire  the  cooperation  of  school 
officials  in  the  publication  of  school  news.  They  believe  in  it  and 
are  willing  to  print  more  school  news  of  the  right  sort. 

In  general,  school  people  have  not  learned  the  technique  of  news- 
paper writing.  They  do  not  recognize  the  elements  which  make  for 
news  interest.  Their  writing  style  is  not  suited  to  the  newspaper. 
They  do  not  know  how  to  prepare  copy  properly.    They  do  not  col- 


26 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


lect  news  systematically  nor  deliver  it  promptly.  There  is  a  very 
definite  body  of  rules  and  suggestions  for  the  proper  preparation  of 
newspaper  copy. 

The  person  responsible  for  preparing  school  news  for  the  daily 
newspaper  should  adopt  a  friendly,  cooperative,  working  basis  with 
the  newspaper  organization.  He  should  make  himself  familiar  with 
the  style  and  practices  of  the  particular  newspaper  for  which  he  is 
writing.  He  should  perfect  himself  in  the  elements  of  news  prepara- 
tion as  listed  in  the  paragraph  above. 

Newspaper  editors  in  general  are  without  question  interested  in 
school  news.  They  are  sympathetic  toward  public  school  systems. 
They  are  willing  to  meet  the  school  people  more  than  half  way  in 
putting  before  the  public  information  relative  to  the  public  schools. 

The  general  summary  and  conclusions  given  above  are  based  on 
the  information  submitted  by  98  editors  representing  40  different 
states. 


MATERIAL  COLLECTED  AND  METHOD  USED 

How  the  A  question  sheet  was  sent  out  to  the  editors  of  200  daily  news- 

Editor's  papers.     These  newspapers  represented  every  state  in  the  Union,  and 

Viewpoint  were  proportionately  distributed  among  the  three  population  groups 

Was  Secured.  mentioned  in  the  previous  chapter.     Replies  were  received  from  98 

editors,  approximately  50%.  The  editors  replying  were  located  in 
40  different  states,  and  fairly  represent  all  three  population  groups. 
A  list  of  the  newspapers  cooperating  is  given  in  the  Appendix,  Table 
B.  A  large  number  of  personal  letters  was  received  in  connection 
with  the  returned  question  sheets.  In  practically  every  case  the  in- 
formation given  was  signed  by  the  editor  himself. 

A  conscientious  attempt  has  been  made  to  report  the  opinions 
of  the  editors  exactly  as  they  were  given.  Wherever  possible,  their 
very  words  have  been  quoted.  The  cooperation  and  keen  interest 
which  the  editors  of  these  representative  newspapers  have  shown  in 
the  subject  of  the  study,  have  made  it  possible  to  present  an  authori- 
tative body  of  fact  and  opinion,  representing  the  thought  of  those 
who  are  responsible  for  the  conduct  of  the  daily  paper. 

The  question  sheet  sent  to  the  editors  is  reproduced  as  Form  3, 
page  37.  From  it  the  exact  wording  of  the  questions  can  be 
determined. 

Note:  All  tables  are  numbered  or  lettered  in  such  a  way  as  to  refer  to  that  portion  of  the 
quest  ion  sheet  upon  which  they  are  based.  For  example,  in  Table  III,  the  Roman  numeral  I  at 
the  left  side  of  the  table  and  the  Arabic  numerals  1-2-3-4-5-6,  at  the  head  of  the  columns,  indicate 
that  this  table  is  based  on  the  Question  Sheet  sent  to  the  Editors,  questions  I,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6. 
This  method  of  designation  will  enable  the  reader,  in  the  case  of  all  tables,  to  identify  the  exact 
words  in  which  the  information  tabulated  was  requested. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  27 

DETAILED  FACTS  AND  CONCLUSIONS 

Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Reports  of  98  Editors 

I .       The  most  common  method  used  by  newspapers  in  collect-  How  Newspapers 
ing  school  news  is  the  assigning  of  a  reporter  to  cover  Collect 
the  school  system.      Table  III,  page  38  shows   that  School  News. 
39%  of  the  newspapers  use  this  service  daily,  and  that 
19%  use  it  irregularly.     A  larger  percentage  of  news- 
papers in  Group  II  use  this  method. 

2.  The  second  common  method  used  by  newspapers  in  col- 
lecting school  news  is  the  employing  of  paid  student 
reporters.  Table  III  shows  that  17%  of  the  news- 
papers use  this  service  daily  and  that  32%  use  it  ir- 
regularly or  at  intervals  which  were  not  specified.  It 
is  used  most  commonly  by  newspapers  in  cities  of 
Group  II. 

3.  The  superintendent  of  schools  is  the  third  most  important 
source  of  school  news  to  the  newspapers.  Table  III 
shows  that  49%  of  the  newspapers  are  furnished  news 
by  the  superintendent  of  schools.  In  most  cases  this 
news  is  furnished  irregularly.  Newspapers  in  cities  of 
Groups  II  and  III  more  commonly  receive  news  from 
the  superintendent  than  those  in  cities  of  Group  I. 

4.  Paid  teacher  reporters  are  very  little  used  by  newspapers. 

Table  III  shows  that  only  2%  of  the  newspapers  use 
this  service. 

5.  Few  newspapers  employ  an  educational  editor.     Table  III 

shows  that  only  10%  of  all  newspapers  employ  one. 
Most  educational  editors  are  found  with  newspapers  in 
cities  of  Group  I. 

6.  About  half  of  all  newspapers  receive  news  from  individual 

schools.     Table  III  shows  that  46%  of  the  newspapers 
reporting  get  school  news  from  this  source.     Practi- 
cally all  of  it  is  furnished  irregularly. 

7.  In    most  cases  the  newspaper   depends  upon  definite  re- 

porters and  paid  student  reporters  for  daily  news  ser- 
vice. Table  III  shows  that  only  3%  of  the  newspapers 
get  school  news  daily  from  the  superintendent. 

8.  Newspapers  evidently  do  not  believe  in  collecting  school 

news  weekly  or  monthly.  Table  III  plainly  indicates 
this  fact. 


28  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

9.  Newspapers  collect  a  large  part  of  their  school  news  irreg- 
ularly. Table  III  shows  that  19%  of  the  newspapers 
assign  reporters  to  school  news  irregularly  and  that 
31%  of  the  newspapers  get  school  news  from  the  super- 
intendent irregularly.  The  figures  in  Table  III  under 
the  heading  "Service  Unspecified"  should  probably  be 
included  under  "Irregularly". 

10.  About  one  half  of  the  school  systems  are  making  little  or 

no  effort  to  furnish  school  news  to  the  newspaper. 
Table  III  shows  that  45%  of  the  superintendents  and 
that  46%  of  the  individual  schools  furnish  no  school 
news  to  the  newspaper. 

11.  The  size  of  the  city  evidently  has  little  effect  upon  the 

method  of  collecting  school  news,  with  the  following 
exceptions:  Newspapers  in  cities  of  Group  I  use  the 
least  number  of  student  reporters.  Newspapers  in 
cities  of  Group  I  employ  most  of  the  educational 
editors. 

Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Reports  of  98  Editors 

The  Types  I.    The  school  page  is  not  a  common  type  of  school  news. 

of  School  News  Table  IV,  page  39  shows  that  only  12%  of  the  news- 

Found  in  Daily  papers  use  this  type.     Newspapers  in  cities  of  Group  I 

Newspapers.  use  it  most  commonly. 

2.  The  school  column  is  not  a  common  type  of  school  news. 

Table  IV  shows  that  only  14%  of  the  newspapers  pub- 
lish this  type.  The  daily  publication  of  the  school  col- 
umn is  most  common  in  newspapers  of  cities  in  Group  I. 
It  is  published  in  only  4%  of  all  newspapers. 

3.  Special  feature  articles  are  used  by  about  one  half  of  the 

newspapers  as  a  type  of  school  news.  This  type  is 
reported  about  equally  often  by  newspapers  in  cities  of 
all  three  groups.  The  most  common  practice  is  to  pub- 
lish these  articles  irregularly. 

4.  More  newspapers  report  the  use  of  high  school  notes  than 

any  other  type  of  school  news.  Table  IV  shows  that 
70%  of  all  newspapers  publish  this  type  of  school  news. 
The  most  common  practice  is  to  publish  it  daily  or  ir- 
regularly. Newspapers  in  cities  of  Group  II  lead  in  the 
daily  publication  of  school  notes.  Newspapers  in  cities 
of  Group  III  lead  in  the  irregular  publication  of  school 
notes. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  29 

5.  Elementary  school  notes  are  reported  by  about  one  half  of 

the  newspapers  as  a  type  of  school  news  used.  Table 
IV  shows  that  the  largest  percentage  of  all  newspapers 
publish  this  type  irregularly.  Newspapers  in  cities  of 
Group  II  lead  in  the  daily  publication  of  elementary 
school  notes.  Newspapers  in  cities  of  Group  III  lead 
in  the  irregular  publication  of  elementary  school  notes. 

6.  Public  school  athletic  news  is  featured  as  a  department  by 

about  one  half  of  the  newspapers.  Table  IV  shows  that 
newspapers  in  cities  of  the  three  groups  vary  little  in 
the  number  of  times  which  they  report  this  type  used 

7.  Parent-Teacher  Association  notes  are  used  by  about  one  half 

of  the  newspapers  as  a  type  of  school  news.  Table  IV 
shows  that  newspapers  in  cities  of  the  three  groups  vary 
little  in  thenumberof  times  theyreport  this  type  of  school 
news.  The  most  common  practice  is  to  publish  Parent- 
Teacher  Association  notes  daily  or  irregularly. 

8.  On  the  whole  school  news  appears  in  the  daily  newspaper 

either  daily  or  irregularly.  Table  IV  shows  that  very 
little  school  news  is  published  weekly  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  school  page  and  high  school  notes,  that  prac- 
tically no  school  news  is  published  monthly,  and  that 
there  is  practically  an  equal  division  between  daily  pub- 
lications and  publication  irregularly. 

Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Reports  of  98  Editors 

1.  The  proper  position  of  school  news  in  the  daily  newspaper  The  Proper 

is  wherever  its  news  value  warrants.     In  newspaper  Position  of 
parlance,  it  should  take  "the  run  of  the  paper".  School  News 

T        ,  .    .  ,  ..  ,  ,       in  the  Daily 

2.  In  the  opinion  01  newspaper  editors,  departments  in  the  News1>a1)er 

daily  newspaper  are  undesirable  and  are  fast  going  out 
of  use. 

From  the  replies  received  in  answer  to  the  question  "What  is 
the  proper  position  of  school  news  in  the  daily  newspaper?"  there  is 
no  doubt  but  that  the  majority  of  newspaper  editors  are  unfavorable 
to  special  departments.  Their  arguments  against  such  special  de- 
partments are  these:  They  are  expensive  to  maintain;  they  in- 
terfere with  the  make  up  of  the  paper;  and,  last,  they  are  not  effective. 
So  far  as  school  news  is  concerned,  the  editors  expressed  the  opinion 
that  no  one  reads  a  school  department  in  the  newspaper  unless  he  is 
already  interested  in  the  schools.  As  one  editor  expressed  it: 
"You  don't  want  to  fish  for  those  that  you've  already  hooked". 


30 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


The  Value  of 
Illustrations 
to  School  News 
in  the  Daily 
Newspaper. 


The  editors  were  nearly  unanimous  in  the  opinion  that  school  news 
should  compete  with  all  other  news  for  space  and  position.  If  it  is 
of  first  page  news  value,  then  it  should  go  on  the  first  page.  On  the 
other  hand,  to  quote  again,  "If  it  is  of  no  value,  as  is  so  often  the 
case,  it  should  go  into  the  waste  basket".  The  position  of  school 
news  is  presented  in  Table  V,  page  40. 

Specific  Conclusions  Based   on  the  Reports   of  98  Editors 

1.  Many  editors  believe  that  illustrations  are  of  no  value  to 

school  news.  About  one  third  of  the  editors  of  news- 
papers in  cities  of  Groups  I  and  II  and  about  one  half  of 
the  editors  in  Group  III  assign  no  value  to  illustrations. 

2.  The  item  of  expense  enters  into  the  matter  of  illustrations. 

From  the  letters  received  it  is  evident  that  in  the 
smaller  cities  of  Group  III  the  item  of  expense  influences 
the  opinion  expressed  as  to  the  value  of  illustrations. 

3.  Some  editors  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  school  system  should 

furnish  the  cuts  for  illustrations. 

4.  The  editors  frequently  stated  that  illustrations  of  persons 

or  of  action  are  much  more  valuable  than  illustrations 
of  buildings,  grounds,  etc. 

5.  Probably  the  keen  competition  for  space  in  large  newspapers, 

and  the  item  of  expense  in  small  newspapers,  influence 
the  prevailing  opinion  as  shown  in  Table  VI,  page  40 
that  illustrations  are  of  little  or  no  value  to  school 
news  in  the  daily  newspaper. 


Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Reports  of  98  Editors 

The  Value  I.     In  general,  newspaper  editors  do  not  believe  that  charts 

of  Charts  and  and  graphs  are  of  much  value  to  school  news  in  the  daily 

Graphs  to  newspaper.     Table  VII,  page  41  shows  that  editors  of 

School  News  newspapers  in  cities  of  the  three  groups   agree  very 

in  the  Daily  closely  in  this  opinion.     About  5%  of  the  editors  char- 

Newspaper.  acterize  charts  and  graphs  as  actually  harmful  to  school 

news.  Approximately  70%  assign  to  them  little  or  no 
value.  About  one-fourth  of  the  editors  consider  that 
they  have  some  value. 

2.  In  letters  received  from  the  editors,  the  opinion  was  ex- 
pressed that  charts  and  graphs  are  adapted  to  specially 
trained  readers,  but  that  the  average  reader  pays  no 
attention  to  them.     This  opinion  may  be  due  to  the 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  31 

kind  of  charts  and  graphs  which  have  been  submitted  to 
newspapers.  If,  however,  simple  charts  or  graphs 
which  contain  the  elements  of  the  picture  in  them 
were  used,  perhaps  they  would  appeal  to  the  general 
newspaper  reading  public.  The  average  newspaper  ed- 
itor has  probably  had  little  experience  with  this  type  of 
graphic  representation.  His  very  definite  opinion, 
therefore,  may  be  biased. 

Specific   Conclusions   Based   on   the   Report   of   98   Editors 

1.  Newspapers  would  use  more  school  news  if  it  were  furnished  The  Demand 

to    them    properly    prepared.      Table  VIII,    page  41  for  School  News 
shows  that  77%  of  the  newspaper  editors  definitely  by  Daily 
stated  that  they  would  use  more  news  of  this   sort.  Newspapers. 
Only  6%  submitted  no  answer. 

2.  Newspapers  in  cities  of  Groups  II  and  III  are  evidently 

more  desirous  of  school  news  than  those  in  cities  of 
Group  I.  This  is  plainly  indicated  in  Table  VIII.  No 
doubt  the  stronger  competition  for  space  in  newspapers 
of  the  larger  cities  causes  less  demand  for  school  news. 

3.  In  many  of  their  letters,  editors  expressed  regret  that  school 

systems  were  not  cooperating  with  newspapers  in  fur- 
nishing school  news  to  the  public. 

4.  The  majority  of  editors  expressed  their  belief  in  the  news 

value  of  school  matters  and  in  the  desire  of  the  news- 
paper reading  public  to  get  this  kind  of  news. 

5.  Many  editors  expressed  the  opinion  that  only  by    intelli- 

gently informing  the  public  of  school  matters  through 
the  daily  press  can  school  officials  hope  to  get  proper 
financial  support  for  the  public  schools. 

On  the  question  sheet  sent  to  the  editors,  they  were  asked,  first,   The  Preparation 
to  list  some  of  the  common  faults  of  news  copy  furnished  by  school  of  School  News 
people,  and,  secondly,  to  state  five  or  six  rules  or  suggestions  which  for  the  Daily 
will  be  of  benefit  to  school  people  in  preparing  news  for  the  press.  Newspaper. 
The  large  number  of  replies  received  in  answer  to  these  questions, 
indicates  the  interest  which  the  editors  took  in  the  study,  and  their 
willingness  to  assist  in  the  problem  of  preparing  school  news  for  pub- 
lication.    The  replies  to  both  questions   were  carefully  noted    and 
classified  together  under  certain  main  headings.    As  far  as  possible,  the 
exact  words  of  the  editors  have  been   quoted.     This  compilation 
needs  no  comment  except  to  emphasize  the  fact  that,  coming  from  a 
large  number  of  representative  newspaper  editors,  it  presents  to  the 


32  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

school  administrator  a  body  of  rules  and  suggestions  which  will  be  of 
great  value  in  the  preparation  of  school  news  for  the  daily  newspaper. 
The  experience  and  newspaper  practice  which  lie  behind  these  rules 
and  suggestions  give  to  them  unusual  weight. 

RULES  AND  SUGGESTIONS  FOR  THE  PREPARATION  OF   SCHOOL 
NEWS  IN  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS 

From  the  Reports  of  98  Newspaper  Editors 

III-2 

Rules  for  ,,     SUBJECT  MATTER. 

Preparing  .  .... 

School  News  w       Write  news,  not  propaganda — news  is  something  hap- 

pening, an  event  of  some  sort,  not  an  argument  to 
prove  or  disprove  some  theory  or  proposition." 

"Give  information  rather  than  advice  or  instruction." 

(b)  Be  accurate,  truthful,  meticulously  exact   as   to   facts, 

names,  and  details. 

(c)  Write  news  for  the  public  and  not  for  the  purpose  of  per- 
sonal exploitation. 

(d)  Names  have  great  news  value. 

"A  story  about  an  individual  is  always  better  than 
group  facts." 

(e)  "Eliminate  favoritism  and  personalities  in  preparing 
articles." 

(f)  "Eliminate  inconsequential  details,  trivial  happenings, 
commonplaces  in  general." 

"Don't  overemphasize  nonessentials." 

(g)  "Run  in  a  humorous  phrase  when  it  doesn't  hurt  anybody 
and  when  it  does  not  spoil  the  text." 

(h)  "Make  the  story  appeal  to  the  average  reader — more 
human  stuff." 

(i)  "News  should  be  written  from  the  standpoint  of  the  public, 
not  from  the  standpoint  of  the  school." 

(j)  "In  general  avoid  submitting  the  achievements  of  pre- 
cocious children  unless  the  newspaper  invites  such 
contributions.  Remember  that  every  parent  im- 
agines his  child  to  be  a  marvel." 

(k)  "Give  the  news  about  exceptional  pupils,  the  latest  ex- 
periments in  education,  and  the  like." 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 33 

2.    NEWSPAPER  STYLE. 

(a)  "Study  the  style  of  the  newspaper  and  follow  it."  Rules  for 
"Make   every   contribution   interesting  by   employing     Preparing 

newspaper  rather  than  literary  diction."  School  News. 

"Write  news,  not  literature." 

(b)  "Use  news  style  as  distinct  from  editorial  style." 
"Avoid  the  expression  of  opinion — merely  recite  what 

happened  without  interpreting  what  it  means." 

"Do  not  usurp  editorial  prerogatives  by  calling  the 
attention  of  the  public  to  school  needs.  Acquaint 
the  editor  with  such  needs  and  let  him  do  the  cru- 
sading." 

"News  is  not  editorial  discussion." 

"Give  facts,  not  opinions." 

"Get  away  from  the  academic." 

"Get  out  of  the  idea  of  'we'  and  'our'." 

(c)  Use  a  simple  style. 

"Keep  away  from  the  technical  and  get  down  to  simple 

terms." 
"Avoid  attempts  at  'fine  writing'." 
"Use  more  American  and  less  English." 
"Be  concise." 

"Write  clearly  and  to  the  point." 
"Use  short  words  instead  of  long  ones." 
"Avoid  the  use  of  too  many  adjectives." 
"Use  fewer  capital  letter." 
"Don't  be  flamboyant." 
"The  public  does  not  want  'fancy  work'  in  news — just  a 

simple  statement  of  facts." 
"Do  not  write  in  an  ornate  or  didactic  style — make  it 

snappy." 

(d)  Be  brief. 
"Make  it  short." 

"Make  it  brief  and  snappy." 

"Don't  use  too  many  words  to  say   little." 

"Don't  be  verbose." 

(e)  "Get  the  main  fact  into  the  first  paragraph." 

"Get  the  gist  of  the  story  into  the  'lead'  and  avoid  mis- 
taken headlines." 

"Write  the  story  in  the  first  paragraph  and  let  the  details 
follow."^ 

"State  principal  facts  first." 

(f)  Avoid  repetition. 


34  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

Rules  for  3.    NEWS  SENSE  AND  NEWS  INTEREST 

Preparing  . 

School  News.  (a)       Develop  a  news  sense  and  a  sense  for  human  interest 

stories." 
"Learn  to  spot  'news'  when  seen  or  heard." 
"Learn  what  live  news  is  and  stick  to  it.     The  public 

can't  be  interested  by  long  drawn  out  essays." 
"It  is  the  unusual  that  makes  news." 
"Realize  the  value  of  the  news  feature  article." 
"In  writing  news  items,  feature  the  unusual." 
"Stress  the  strange,  the  odd,  the  unusual." 
"Write  about  those  things  only  which  actually  possess 

the  elements  of  general  interest." 
"Learn  to  see  the  'story'  in  the  news." 
"Regular  routine  matters  do  not  interest  readers." 
"Keep  the  paper  informed  of  all  innovations." 

4.    THE  COLLECTION  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS 

(a)  "Establish  a  publicity  department  that  will   act  as   a 

clearing  house  for  the  school    news  of  the  entire 

system." 
"Organize  publicity  within  the  school  system  and  prevent 

much  school  news  of  interest  from  being  lost." 
"A  press  publicity  department  for  schools  in  every  city 

would  be  a  grand  institution." 

(b)  "Assign  to  one  teacher  in  each  school  the  collection  and 

preparation  of  school  news.  Have  it  turned  in  to 
some  central  office  where  it  will  be  available  daily  to 
the  press." 

"Make  somebody  in  each  school  responsible  for  the  news 
of  that  school." 

"Have  each  room  appoint  a  press  agent." 

"Have  teachers  direct  the  writing  of  school  news  by  pu- 
pils and  give  them  school  credits  for  work  produced." 

"The  Board  of  Education  should  make  it  compulsory  for 
some  one  in  each  school  to  send  daily  to  the  news- 
paper or  to  the  superintendent  a  news  digest." 

(c)  "Engage  a  skilful  newspaper  photographer  to  supply  pic- 

tures for  school  news." 

(d)  Collect  news  systematically — not  hit  or  miss. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  35 

(e)     Cooperate  with  the  newspaper  organization.  Rules  for 

"Remember  that  the  newspaper  is  willing  to  cooperate   °rePartnS 

but  expects  cooperation."  Scho°l  News- 

"Remember  that  a  newspaper  must  pay  its  way,  and 

don't  expect  too  much  space." 
"Don't  suppress  news  just  because  it  seems  to  reflect 

against  the  schools.     Such  action  turns  cooperation 

into  a  scrap  between  the  editor  and  the  school  au- 
thorities for  the  news." 
"Keep  in  close  touch  with  editor  and   reporters.   They 

will  appreciate  being  called  on  the  phone  and  told  of 

anything  that  looks  like  news." 
"Gauge  your  contribution  by  the  size  of  the  paper  and  the 

space    allowed    other    public    activities    of    a   local 

nature." 
"Welcome  representatives  of  the  press,  deal  with   them 

frankly,  and  tell  them  the  truth." 
"Don't  be  backward  about  calling  the  attention  of  the 

press  to  the  schools." 
"Establish  cordial  relations  with  the  press." 
"Don't  find  fault  and  criticize  when  the  editor  finds  it 

necessary  to  alter  or  change  news." 
"Keep  in  mind  that  newspapers  have  to  be  edited  in  the 

newspaper  office." 
"When  school  people  acquire  a  liking  for  the  aroma  of 

printer's  ink,  school  news  will  cease  to  be  a  fizzle  and 

tax  payers  will  stop  kicking  at  school  appropriations." 
"Don't  be  partial  to  one  newspaper  in  the  community. 

Use  them  all  alike." 

5.    THE  DELIVERY  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS, 
(a)     Get  school  news  in  on  time. 

"Deliver  the  news  promptly." 

"Give  news  as  far  in  advance  as  possible." 

"Announcements  are  worth  more  than  reports  both  to 
school  and  newspaper." 

"Get  news  in  the  day  it  happens  if  possible.  Dailies  like 
fresh  stuff." 

"Don't  let  news  get  cold." 

"Don't  let  news  become  ancient  history." 

"News  value  depends  largely  upon  recency  of  happen- 
ing." 


36  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

Rules  for  (b)     The  use  of  the  phone  for  transmitting  news  tends  toward 

Preparing  inaccuracy. 

School  News. 

6.    THE  MECHANICS  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS  COPY. 

(a)  "Use  paper  for  copy  8J  by  6j  with  lines  running  the  long 

way.     The  size  of  the  linotype  keyboard  determines 
this,  not  the  whim  of  the  editor." 

(b)  Use  one  side  of  the  paper  only. 

(c)  Typewrite  all  copy  or  write  it  clearly. 
"Submit  clean  copy." 

(d)  Double  space  or  triple  space  your  copy.    This  is  a  great 

benefit  to  the  editor. 

(e)  Don't  write  the  headline. 

"Leave  one  third  of  your  title  page  blank  for  the  use  of 
the  newspaper  headline  writer." 

"Headline  writing  is  a  technical  newspaper  function." 

"Don't  disgust  the  editor  by  writing  the  headline  for 
him." 

"Material  for  a  headline  should  be  found  in  the  first 
paragraph  or  'lead'  of  copy." 

(f)  "If  a  name  is  spelled  in  a  peculiar  manner,  write  'correct' 

after  it." 

(g)  "Use  as  few  capitals  as  possible." 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


37 


FORM  3. 

QUESTION  SHEET  SENT  TO  NEWSPAPER  EDITORS 

IMPORTANT— I  have  WORKED  on  This  Form  to  make  the  ANSWERING  OF  IT  AS  LITTLE  WORK  FOR  YOU  AS 
TO  YOU.         POSSIBLE. 

IMPORTANT— The  answers  to  these  questions  should  deal  ONLY  WITH  THE  SCHOOL  NEWS  OF  YOUR  LOCAL  PUB- 
TO  ME  LIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM. 


NAME  OF  NEWSPAPER. 


.CITY STATE 


Yea 

No 

Daily 

Week- 
ly 

Month- 

ly 

Irregu- 
larly 

O 

O 

o 

o 

O 

o 

O 

O 

o 

o 

O 

o 

O 

o 

o 

o 

O 

o 

O 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

O 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

O 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Please  Answer  By  Checking  In  the  Circles. 

1.  Do  you  assign  DEFINITE  REPORTERS  to  cover  LOCAL 
SCHOOL  NEWS? 

2.  Is  there  an  EDUCATIONAL  EDITOR  ON  THE  STAFF 
of  your  Paper? 

3.  Do  you  employ  PAID  LOCAL  TEACHER  REPORTERS 
to  furnish  School  News? 

4.  Do  you  employ  PAID  LOCAL  STUDENT  REPORTERS 
to  furnish  School  News? 

5.  Does  the  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  SCHOOLS  furnish  you 
PREPARED  SCHOOL  NEWS  TO  PUBLISH? 

6.  Do  INDIVIDUAL  SCHOOLS  furnish  you  PREPARED 
SCHOOL  NEWS  FOR  PUBLICATION? 

7.  Would  you  use  MORE  SCHOOL  NEWS  IF  IT  WERE 
FURNISHED  TO  YOU  PROPERLY  PREPARED? 


II.    Please  Check  In  The  Squares  The  Departments  Which  Are  Found  In  Your  Paper 
1.    A  SCHOOL  PAGE  devoted  mainly  to  the  News  of  your 


LOCAL  SCHOOL  SYSTEM?. 


2.  A  SCHOOL  COLUMN  devoted  mainly  to  the  News  of 
your  LOCAL  SCHOOL  SYSTEM? 

3.  SPECIAL  FEATURE  NEWS  ARTICLE  dealing  with 
some  phase  of  the  LOCAL  SCHOOL  SYSTEM? 

4.  Space  devoted  to  LOCAL  HIGH  SCHOOL  NOTES  or 
NEWS? 

5.  Space  devoted  to  LOCAL  ELEMENTARY   SCHOOL 
NOTES  or  NEWS? 


A    DEPARTMENT    devoted 
SCHOOL  ATHLETICS? 


to    LOCAL     PUBLIC 


SPACE  DEVOTED  to  LOCAL  PARENT-TEACHER 
NOTES  or  NEWS? 

A   PAGE,   COLUMN   or   DEPARTMENT  CONTRI- 
BUTED by  the  SCHOOL  CHILDREN  OF  THE  SYSTEM? 


9. 


Daily 

Weekly 

Monthly 

Irregularly 

III.    Please  answer  the  following  questions  ON  THE  BACK  OF  THIS  SHEET. 

1.  List  some  of  the  MOST  COMMON  FAULTS  of  News  Copy  as  furnished  to  you  by  School  people. 

2.  State  five  or  six  rules  or  suggestions  which,  in  your  opinion,  will  be  of  benefit  to  School  People  in  preparing  School  News  for 
the  Public  Press. 

3.  Where,  in  your  opinion,  is  the  proper  position  of  School  News  in  your  paper? 

4.  What,  in  your  opinion,  is  the  value  of  illustrations  in  Public  School  Publicity  in  Newspapers? 

5.  Do  you  think  that  CHARTS  and  GRAPHS  if  made  SIMPLE  help  or  harm  Educational  Articles  in  NEWSPAPERS? 

SIGNED 


(NAME) 


(OFFICIAL  POSITION) 


38 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  III. 
HOW  DAILY  NEWSPAPER  ORGANIZATIONS  COLLECT  SCHOOL  NEWS 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  98  NEWSPAPER  EDITORS 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Definite 

Paper 

Super- 

Indi- 

Reporters 

Has 

intendent 

vidual 

I 

Cover 

Educa- 

Teacher 

Student 

Furnishes 

Schools 

School 

tional 

Reporters 

Reporters 

School 

Furnish 

News 

Editor 

Employed 

Employed 

News 

News 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Service  Rendered  Daily 

Number  of  Cities              Population 

25                  Over  100,000 

40 

8 

— 

8 

4 

— 

32                   30,000  to  100,000 

50 

3 

— 

31 

3 

— 

41                   Less  than  30,000 

29 

2 

2 

12 

2 

2 

All      98  Cities 

39 

4 

1 

17 

3 

1 

Service  Rendered  Weekly 

Number  of  Cities            Population 

25                   Over  100,000 

4 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

32                  30,000  to  100,000 

3 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3 

41                   Less  than  30,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2 

All      98  Cities 

2 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2 

Service  Rendered  Monthly 

Number  of  Cities            Population 

25                    Over  100,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

32                    30,000  to  100,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

41                   Less  than  30,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2 

2 

All      98  Cities 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1 

1 

Service  Rendered  Irregularly 

Number  of  Cities            Population 

25                   Over  100,000 

16 

— 

— 

4 

24 

28 

32                   30,000  to  100,000 

12 

— 

— 

6 

38 

41 

41                   Less  than  30,000 

27 

— 

— 

2 

30 

26 

All      98  Cities 

19 

— 

— 

4 

31 

32 

Service  Unspecified 

Number  of  Cities            Population 

25                   Over  100,000 

8 

12 

— 

20 

8 

12 

32                   30,000  to  100,000 

13 

3 

— 

25 

9 

3 

41                   Less  than  30,000 

5 

5 

2 

34 

22 

17 

All      98  Cities 

8 

6 

1 

28 

14 

11 

Service  Rendered  Not  At  All 

Number  of  Cities            Population 

25                  Over  100,000 

16 

64 

84 

56 

52 

44 

32                    30,000  to  100,000 

19 

94 

94 

38 

47 

50 

41                   Leas  than  30,000 

34 

88 

86 

47 

39 

43 

All      98  Cities 

25 

84 

88 

46 

45 

46 

No  Answer  Given 

Number  of  Cities            Population 

25                   Over  100,000 

16 

16 

16 

12 

12 

16 

32                   30,000  to  100,000 

3 

— 

6 

— 

3 

3 

41                  Less  than  30,000 

5 

5 

10 

5 

5 

5 

All       98  Cities 

7 

6 

10 

5 

6 

7 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    Of  26  newspapers  in  cities  over  100,000  in  population,  40%  assign  definite  reporters  to  cover 
school  news  daily;  8%  have  the  service  of  an  educational  editor  daily;  etc. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


39 


TABLE  IV. 

TYPES  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS  FOUND  IN  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  98  NEWSPAPER  EDITORS 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

Ath- 

Page or 

Elem- 

letic 

Parent- 

Column 

Special 

High 

entary 

De- 

Teacher 

Contrib- 

School 

School 

Feature 

School 

School 

part- 

Associ- 

uted by 

II 

Page 

Column 

Articles 

Notes 

Notes 

ment 

ation 

Children 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Service  Rendered  Daily 

Number  Cities                 Populalion 

25                   Over  100,000 

— 

8 

8 

12 

12 

16 

24 

4 

32                    30,000  to  100,000 

— 

3 

9 

47 

22 

38 

38 

— 

41                    Less  than  30,000 

— 

2 

— 

20 

5 

12 

12 

— 

All       98  Cities 

— 

4 

5 

26 

12 

22 

24 

1 

Service  Rendered  Weekly 

Number  Cities             Population 

25                   Over  100,000 

20 

4 

— 

12 

8 

— 

8 

8 

32                   30,000  to  100,000 

6 

— 

3 

3 

3 

— 

— 

— 

41                    Less  than  30,000 

2 

7 

2 

15 

— 

2 

2 

2 

All       98  Cities 

8 

4 

2 

10 

3 

x     1 

3 

3 

Service  Rendered  Monthly 

Number  Cities            Population 

25                   Over  100,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

32                   30,000  to  100,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

41                    Less  than  30,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

5 

— 

All       98  Cities 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2 

— 

Service  Rendered  Irregularly 

Number  Cities             Population 

25                    Over  100,000 

4 

— 

36 

24 

16 

20 

24 

— 

32                    30,000  to  100,000 

— 

6 

41 

16 

18 

— 

12 

9 

41                    Less  than  30,000 

7 

9 

47 

44 

36 

30 

30 

2 

All      98  Cities 

4 

6 

42 

30 

26 

17 

22 

4 

Service  Unspecified 

Number  Cities             Populalion 

25                    Over  100,000 

— 

— 

— 

4 

4 

16 

4 

— 

32                    30,000  to  100,000 

— 

— 

— 

6 

9 

32 

13 

— 

41                    Less  than  30,000 

— 

— 

— 

2 

5 

5 

2 

— 

All       98  Cities 

— 

— 

— 

4 

6 

13 

6 

— 

Service  Rendered  Not  At  All 

Number  Cities            Population 

25                    Over  100,000 

16 

16 

8 

8 

4 

8 

4 

12 

32                   30,000  to  100,000 

6 

3 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3 

6 

41                   Less  than  30,000 

10 

7 

2 

— 

— 

2 

— 

7 

All      98    Cities 

10 

8 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

8 

No  Answer  Given 

Number  Cities             Populalion 

25                   Over  100,000 

60 

72 

48 

40 

56 

40 

36 

76 

32                   30,000  to  100,000 

88 

88 

47 

28 

47 

40 

34 

85 

41                   Less  than  30,000 

81 

74 

49 

19 

54 

49 

49 

88 

All  98  Cities 

78 

78 

48 

28 

52 

44 

41 

84 

Read  the  table  as  follows :    Of  25  newspapers  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  8%  publish  a  school  column  daily;  8%  publish 
special  feature  articles  daily;  etc. 


40 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  V. 
THE  PROPER  POSITION  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS  IN  THE  DAILY  NEWSPAPER 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  98  NEWSPAPER  EDITORS 


III-3 

Run  of 
Paper 

Fixed 

Position 

Regular 
Department 

Uncertain 

No 
Answer 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

25 
32 

41 

Over  10,0000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

60 
72 
34 

4 

10 

4 
3 

8 

4 
3 
2 

28 
22 
46 

All     98  Cities 

53 

5 

5 

3 

34 

Read  the  table  as  follows:  Of  25  newspaper  editors  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  60%  report  that  the  proper  position  for 
school  news  is  the  "run  of  the  paper";  4%,  that  school  news  should  have  some  fixed  position;  4%,  that  school  news  should  be 
placed  in  a  regular  school  department,  etc. 


TABLE  VI. 

THE  VALUE  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS  TO  SCHOOL  NEWS  IN  THE  DAILY  NEWSPAPER 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  98  NEWSPAPER  EDITORS 


III-4 

Of  Great 
Value 

Of  Some 
Value 

OfLiUle 
Value 

Of  No 
Value 

Too 

Expensive 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

25 
32 
41 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

28 

28 

5 

36 
41 
29 

4 
3 
2 

32 
28 
54 

10 

All    98  Cities 

18 

35 

3 

40 

4 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    Of  25  newspaper  editors  in  cities  of  100,000  population  and  over,  28%  consider  illustrations  of 
great  value  to  school  news;  36%  consider  illustrations  of  some  value;  etc. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


41 


TABLE  VII. 

THE  VALUE  OF  CHARTS  AND  GRAPHS  TO  SCHOOL  NEWS  IN 

THE  DAILY  NEWSPAPER 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  98  NEWSPAPER  EDITORS 


III-5 

Of  Some 
Value 

Of  Little 
Value 

Of  Questionable 
Value 

Of  No 

Value 

Harmful 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

25 
32 
41 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

24 
25 
27 

8 
6 

4 
10 

7 

64 
56 
56 

3 

10 

All    98  Cities 

26 

4 

7 

58 

5 

Read  the  table  as  follows :      Of  25  newspaper  editors  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  24%  consider  charts  and  graphs  of  some 
value  to  school  news ;  8  %  consider  charts  and  graphs  of  little  value ;  etc.  / 


TABLE  VIII. 

THE  DEMAND  FOR  SCHOOL  NEWS  BY  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  98  NEWSPAPER  EDITORS 


1-7 

Yes 

No 

Questionable 

No  Answer 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

% 

% 

% 

% 

25 
32 
41 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

64 
81 
80 

20 
13 
15 

4 
2 

12 
6 
2 

All        98  Cities 

77 

15 

2 

6 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    Of  25  newspaper  editors  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  64%  would  use  more  school  news  if  fur- 
nished to  them  properly  prepared;  20%  would  not;  4%  are  not  sure;  and  12%  gave  no  answer. 


iSOO  Students,  the  Future 
headers  of  Decatur 


Sunday  Morning,  January  29,  1922 

Decatur  review 


DECATUR  HIGH 
SCHOOL  NUMBER 


OUR   HIGH    SCHOOL   AND   THE   COMMUNITY 

BUSINESS  OF  THE  HIGH 
SCHOOL  STUDENTS 


English  the  Big  Department  of  Decatur  High  School 


I    *M   HM  MM*   M  M  «MT- 


^MBSM 

^wtli  -^L % 

Five  Marks  of 
an  Educated  Man 


i.  «m  •!*»•  i^m  wiiiimim  ■ 


Thirty  •!*•  TmwrtUMl  MmMm-  -»**.»#  W»m  • 

asSSSSaSELSSsf^feS^"1*"16  ""Sara 


A  HIGH  SCHOOL  NUMBER  OF  A  DAILY  NEWSPAPER 


CHAPTER  IV 

SCHOOL  NEWS  FROM  THE  SUPERINTENDENT'S 

VIEWPOINT 


GENERAL  STATEMENTS 

From  a  study  of  the  material  contained  in  Chapter  IV,  the  fol- 
lowing conclusions  have  been  drawn. 

Most  school  systems  have  effected  no  organization  for  educa- 
tional publicity. 

Few  systems  in  their  annual  budgets  provide  for  school  public- 
ity,   and  on  the  whole  little  money  is  spent  for  this  purpose. 

The  majority  of  superintendents  are  not  willing  to  state  an 
opinion  relative  to  the  percentage  of  the  school  budget  which  should 
be  set  aside  for  publicity.  The  percentage  recommended  varies 
from  3%  of  the  budget  to  nothing.  In  general,  superintendents  in 
the  smaller  cities  recommend  that  a  higher  percentage  of  the  budget 
should  be  spent  for  publicity  than  do  those  in  the  larger  cities. 

About  one  fourth  of  the  school  systems  have  some  centralized 
agency  for  handling  school  news. 

The  majority  of  school  superintendents  furnish  school  news  to 
the  newspapers.  About  one  half  of  the  high  school  and  elementary 
school  principals  furnish  school  news.  Individual  students  and  stu- 
dents in  English  and  journalism  classes  are  furnishing  a  considerable 
amount  of  news  to  the  newspapers. 

The  most  common  practice  is  for  school  systems  to  furnish  news 
irregularly  to  the  newspapers. 

Most  school  news  is  edited  and  approved  by  principals.  In 
about  one  third  of  the  school  systems,  the  news  collected  is  approved 
and  edited  by  some  central  office.  Athletic  news  is  almost  entirely 
edited  by  the  athletic  coach. 

Newspapers  depend  first  upon  definitely  assigned  reporters  for 
the  securing  of  school  news,  second  upon  superintendents,  third  upon 
paid  student  reporters,  and  fourth  upon  individual  schools. 

Evidently  a  large  percentage  of  school  systems  have  little  or  no 
relations  with  newspapers  so  far  as  furnishing  school  news  is  con- 
cerned. 

A  large  majority  of  newspapers  are  favorable  in  their  attitude 
toward  the  public  school  system.  Editors  believe  in  school  news, 
discuss  it  in  their  editorial  columns,  are  willing  to  cooperate  with 


44 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


school  superintendents,  and  express  a  willingness  to  use  more  school 
news  of  the  right  sort. 

School  systems  have  carried  on  a  large  number  of  continuous 
campaigns  in  the  daily  papers.  The  five  most  commonly  reported 
are,  campaigns  for  buildings,  campaigns  for  teachers'  salaries, 
health  campaigns,  bond  issue  campaigns,  and  night  school  cam- 
paigns. 

There  is  a  definite  belief  on  the  part  of  superintendents  that  the 
afternoon  and  evening  edition  of  the  newspaper  is  the  best  for  carry- 
ing school  news. 

In  general,  school  superintendents  believe  that  there  are  valid 
reasons  for  expending  public  funds  on  school  publicity.  They  rec- 
ognize the  difficulty  of  being  charged  with  partiality  in  giving  out 
school  news,  and  in  many  cases  have  evolved  ways  of  overcoming 
this  difficulty.  They  are  almost  unanimous  in  the  opinion  that  the 
attitude  of  the  daily  press  toward  the  school  system  is  extremely  im- 
portant, and  that  the  use  of  the  daily  press  by  school  administrators 
should  be  governed  by  definite  ethical  principles. 

Newspaper  organizations  do  not  always  handle  school  news 
properly.  In  many  cases  they  lack  the  school  point  of  view.  Their 
sense  of  news  value  often  results  in  emphasis  wrongly  placed  or  sen- 
sational presentation.  They  are  not  always  careful  to  present  the 
facts  exactly  as  they  exist.  They  sometimes  allow  political  reasons 
to  color  school  news.  As  a  general  thing,  they  do  not  give  to  news 
of  the  public  school  system  the  attention  and  position  to  which  its 
importance  entitles  it. 


How  the 

Superintendent's 
Viewpoint 
Was  Secured. 


MATERIAL  COLLECTED  AND  METHOD  USED 

A  question  sheet  was  sent  to  500  superintendents  of  schools  in 
cities  of  each  of  the  three  population  groups  mentioned  in  previous 
chapters.  The  replies  from  250,  exactly  50%  of  these  superinten- 
dents, representing  45  states,  and  distributed  proportionately  among 
the  three  city  groups,  furnished  the  material  for  the  tables  in  this 
chapter,  upon  which  the  conclusions  are  based.  A  list  of  the  super- 
intendents cooperating  will  be  found  in  Appendix,  Table  C.  Great 
care  has  been  used  in  reporting  the  opinions  of  the  superintendents 
and,  as  in  the  case  of  the  newspaper  editors,  the  exact  words  have 
been  quoted  wherever  possible.  Most  of  the  information  contained 
in  the  tables  is  expressed  in  percents  computed  to  the  nearest  whole 
percent,  for  purposes  of  comparison.  The  cooperation  of  superin- 
tendents has  made  possible  the  presentation  of  the  facts  in  this  chap- 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  45 

ter.     Their  interest  in  the  subject  of  school  news  is  evidenced  by 
their  generous  responses. 

The  question  sheet  sent  to  the  superintendents  is  reproduced  as 
Form  4,  page  62  in  order  that  the  exact  wording  of  the  questions 
asked  may  be  ascertained. 

DETAILED  FACTS  AND  CONCLUSIONS 

Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Report  of  250 
Superintendents 

1 .  Few  city  school  systems  contain  specific  provision  in  their  Financing 

budgets  for  information  or  publicity  service.     Table  School 

IX,  page  66  shows  that  only  8%  of  all  school  systems  Information 
make  such  provision.    From  the  reports  received,    it  Service. 

is  impossible  to  give  any  estimate  in  dollars  of  this 
provision. 

2.  A  much  larger  number  of  city  school  systems  have  funds 

which  can  be  used  for  information  or  publicity  service. 
Table  IX  shows  that  39%  of  all  school  systems  have 
such  a  fund.  School  systems  in  cities  of  Group  III 
lead  in  this  particular  with  48%.  From  the  reports 
received,  it  is  impossible  to  give  a  definite  measure  of 
the  amount  used  from  these  funds  for  publicity,  but 
it  can  safely  be  stated  that  the  amount  is  uniformly 
small. 

3.  There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  opinion  of    super- 

intendents as  to  the  percentage  of  the  budget  which 
should  be  spent  for  school  information  service.     Table 

X,  page  66  shows  that  this  percentage  ranges  from  3% 
to  0%.  A  majority  of  the  superintendents  in  cities  of 
Group  I  and  Group  II  gave  no  answer.  Over  one  half 
of  the  superintendents  in  cities  of  Group  III  stated  an 
opinion.  Approximately  three  fourths  of  the  super- 
intendents giving  an  opinion  believe  that  some  percent- 
age of  the  budget  should  be  spent  for  publicity.  One 
fourth  of  the  superintendents  report  that  in  their 
opinion  no  part  of  the  budget  should  be  spent  for  this 
service.  In  general,  superintendents  in  cities  of  Group 
III  recommend  a  larger  proportion  of  the  budget  for 
information  service. 

The  detailed  reports  substantiating  conclusions  just  stated  are 
given  in  Tables  IX  and  X,  page  66. 


46 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


How  School 
Systems 
Collect  News 
for  Newspapers. 


Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Reports  of  250 
Superintendents 

1.  Some  city  school  systems  have  made  provisions  for  a  news 

service  organization.  Table  XI,  page  66  shows  that  in 
28%  of  the  school  systems  there  is  a  person  responsible 
for  the  collecting  and  releasing  of  school  news.  Table 
XI  also  shows  that  in  12%  of  the  cities  there  is  a  news 
service  committee  for  the  entire  school  system. 

2.  School  systems  in  the  three  population  groups  do  not  vary 

much  in  reference  to  news  service  organization. 

3.  Various    means    for    collecting    school    news    are    utilized 

by  city  school  systems.  Table  XII,  page  67  shows 
that  in  79%  of  the  cities,  the  superintendents  collect 
school  news;  in  61%,  the  high  school  principals;  in 
48%,  elementary  school  principals;  in  37%,  supervisors; 
in  37%,  clerks  of  the  school  boards;  in  35%,  in- 
dividual students;  in  26%,  individual  teachers;  in  24%, 
English  classes;  in  13%,  journalism  classes;  and  in  5%, 
news  editors. 

4.  The  largest  percentage  of  school  systems    collect    school 

news  irregularly;  a  second  common  practice  of  school 
systems  is  to  collect  news  daily;  some  school  systems 
collect  school  news  weekly,  and  a  negligible  percent 
collect  news  monthly.  It  is  of  interest  to  note,  from 
Table  XII,  that  about  one  fourth  of  the  superintendents 
of  schools  collect  school  news  daily.  It  is  also  signifi- 
cant to  note  that  in  35%  of  the  school  systems  indi- 
vidual students  collect  news;  in  24%,  English  classes 
collect  news;  and  in  13%,  journalism  classes.  Most  of 
this  student  service  is  rendered  either  daily  or  weekly. 

The  detailed  reports  of  superintendents  in  reference  to  the  or- 
ganization and  collection  of  school  news  will  be  found  in  Tables  XI 
and  XII,  pages  66  and  67. 


How  School  News 
Is  approved 
and  Edited 
by  School 
Systems. 


Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Reports  of  250 
Superintendents 

I.  In  one  third  of  all  school  systems,  school  news  collected 
within  the  system  comes  to  a  central  office  for  editing 
and  approval  before  being  released. 

Table  XIII,  page   68   shows   that  this    practice    is   most 
common  in  cities  of  Group  III. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  47 

2.  Most  of  the  editing  and  approving  of  school  news  is  done  by 

school    principals. 

3.  A  considerable  amount  of   the  editing  and  approving  of 

school  news  is  done  by  persons  not  within  the  school 
system.  The  amount  of  this  editing  is  indicated  in 
Table  XIV,  page  69  opposite  the  heading,  "Edited  by 
Others".  Through  an  error  in  the  question  sheet,  a  large 
part  of  these  "others"  consists  of  superintendents  of 
schools.  From  the  information  received,  it  was  not 
possible  to  separate  the  superintendents  included  in 
this  group. 

4.  School  athletic  news  is  almost  entirely  edited  and  approved 

by  athletic  coaches.  Table  XIV  shows  that  this  prac- 
tice is  common  to  cities  of  each  of  the  three  groups. 

5.  School  systems  in  cities  of  Group  II  and  Group  III  make 

the  most  provision  for  the  editing  and  approving  of 
school  news  by  individuals  within  the  system. 

6.  News  of  school  athletics  and  high  school  notes  most  com- 

monly receive  editing  and  approval  from  within  the 
school  system.  Table  XIV  shows  that  50%  of  the 
school  systems  edit  athletic  news  and  that  48%  edit 
high  school  notes. 

7.  The  editing  and  approval  of  school  news  by  student  editors 

and  classes  is  worthy  of  notice.  Table  XIV  shows  that 
to  some  extent  editorial  responsibility  rests  with  stu- 
dents. 

The  detailed  reports  of  school  systems  relative  to  the  editing 
and  approval  of  school  news  will  be  found  in  Tables  XIII 
and  XIV,  pages  68  and  69. 

Specific  Conclusions   Based  on  the  Reports  of  250 
Superintendents 

1.     Definitely  assigned  reporters  and  superintendents  are  most  The  Relations 
commonly    used    by    newspapers    for   securing    school  of  Public 
news.     Table  XV,  page  70  shows  that  in   71%   of  the  School  Systems 
school  systems  definite  reporters  cover  school  news,  and  with  Local 
that  40%  of  this  service  is  rendered  daily.     Table  XV  Newspaper 
also  shows  that  in  83%  of  the  school  systems  superin-  Organizations. 
tendents   furnish  school   news  and  that  41%  of  this 
service  is  given  irregularly. 


48  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

2.  Paid  student  reporters  are  employed  to  furnish  school   news 

in  about  one  fourth  of  the  school  systems.  Table  XV 
shows  that  the  percentage  is  24  and  that  more  than  one 
half  of  this  service  is  rendered  daily. 

3.  Paid  teacher  reporters  are  very  seldom  employed  to  furnish 

school  news.  Table  XV  shows  that  in  less  than  2%  of 
the  school  systems  this  service  is  employed. 

4.  Few  newspapers  employ  an  educational  editor.     Table  XVI, 

page  71  indicates  about  7%.  By  far  the  larger  num- 
ber of  these  are  in  the  cities  of  Group  I. 

5.  In  about  one  half  of  the  school  systems,  individual  schools 

furnish  school  news  to  the  newspapers.  Table  XV  shows 
that  most  of  this  service  is  irregular. 

6.  The  most  common  practice  is  for  newspapers  to    secure 

school  news  service  daily  or  irregularly.  Very  little 
service  is  rendered  weekly,  and  practically  none 
monthly. 

7.  A  large  percent  of  school  systems  have  no  relations  with  the 

newspapers  so  far  as  furnishing  news  is  concerned. 

8.  Editors  and  superintendents  do  not  agree  in  their  state- 

ments relative  to  the  collecting  and  furnishing  of 
school  news.  This  is  evident  from  a  comparison  of 
Tables  III,  page  38  and  XV.  No  doubt  the  editors  are 
inclined  to  underestimate  the  part  which  the  school 
system  plays  in  furnishing  news,  and  no  doubt  the 
superintendents  are  inclined  to  overestimate  it. 

The  detailed  facts  relative  to  the  relations  between  the  school 
systems  and  newspaper  organizations  will  be  found  in 
Tables  XV  and  XVI,  pages  70  and  71. 

Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Reports  of  250 
Superintendents 

Departments  i.     The  school  department  most  often  reported  as  appearing 

in  Newspapers  in  the  daily  newspaper  is  that  devoted  to  school  board 

Devoted  to  meeting  news.     Table  XVII,  page  72  shows  that  the 

School  News  most  common  practice  is  to  present  this  news  irregularly. 

2.  Editors  and  superintendents  agree  very  closely  in  reference 
to  the  types  of  school  departments  which  appear  in  the 
daily  newspaper  and  the  commonness  and  frequency 
with  which  they  are  found.  In  general,  all  the  conclu- 
sions drawn  from  Table  IV,  page  39  and  discussed  in 
Chapter  III  can  be  drawn  from  Table  XVII. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


The  detailed  facts  submitted  by  superintendents  relative  to  the 
departments  in  daily  newspapers  devoted  to  school  news  will  be 
found  in  Table  XVII,  page  72. 

Specific  Conclusions  Based  on  the  Reports  of  250 
Superintendents 

1.  From  the  statements  of  superintendents,  the  attitude  of  the  The  Attitude  of 

daily  newspapers  toward  public  school  systems  is  dis-  Daily  Newspapers 
tinctly  favorable.     Table  XVIII  page  73  shows  that  of  toward  Public 
627   different  daily    newspapers    reported    on  by    219  School  Systems. 
superintendents,  39%  gave  the  school  system   active 
support,  43%  gave  it  friendly  cooperation,   and   only 
8%  were  unfavorable  or  hostile. 

2.  School  news  is  very  often  the  subject  matter  of  newspaper 

editorials.  Table  XVIII  shows  that  in  250  school  sys- 
tems, 21%  of  the  newspapers  discussed  school  matters 
frequently  in  the  editorials;  54% occasionally;  and  only 
13%  seldom  or  never.  It  is  of  interest  to  compare  this 
statement  with  the  5%  of  editorials  dealing  with  local 
school  matters  which  were  found  in  the  number  count 
of  1800  newspapers  as  set  forth  in  Table  I,  page  21.  It 
is  also  of  interest  to  recall  that  of  the  98  editors  report- 
ing in  Table  VIII,  page  41  77%  stated  that  they  would 
use  more  school  news  if  furnished  properly  prepared. 

3.  In  general,  it  may  be  stated  that  newspaper  organizations 

believe  in  school  news,  that  they  have  the  right  attitude 
toward  the  school  system,  and  are  anxious  to  cooperate 
with  school  systems  in  putting  news  of  the  public 
schools  before  the  public. 

The  tabulated  opinion  of  superintendents  of  schools  relative  to 
the  attitude  of  daily  newspapers  toward  the  public  school  system 
and  the  amount  of  discussion  which  is  given  to  school  matters  in 
editorials,  will  be  found  in  Tables  XVIII  and  XIX,  page  73. 

A  BODY  OF  OPINION  BASED  ON  THE  REPORTS  OF  250 
SUPERINTENDENTS 

There  is  clearly  a  variety  of  information  in  any  school  system  Continuous 
which     can     be    made    the     subject     of     newspaper    campaigns.  Publicity 
These    matters    are    vital    to    the    school    system    and    will    be    of  Campaigns 
interest  to  newspaper  readers  if  properly  presented.     In  order  to  Carried  on 
learn   the  variety  of  subjects  which   school   superintendents   have  in  the  Daily 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  public  through  newspaper  campaigns,  Newspaper. 
the  question  sheet  asked  for  information  in  this  particular. 

Twenty-eight  different  types  of  publicity  campaigns  were  re- 
ported.    The  first  ten  in  order  of  the  frequency  with  which  they  were 


50 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


The  Best  Edition 
of  Newspapers 
For  Carrying 
School  News. 


Valid  Reasons 
for  Expending 
Public  Funds 
to  Publish 
School  News. 


reported  by  the  superintendents  are  as  follows:  Building  Campaign, 
Better  Salaries  Campaign,  Health  Campaign,  Bond  Issue  Campaign, 
Night  School  Campaign,  Thrift  Campaign,  School  Week  Campaign, 
Americanization  Campaign,  Attendance  Campaign,  Safety  First 
Campaign.  Of  these  ten  campaigns  carried  on  in  the  daily  papers, 
only  three  can  be  considered  as  special  purpose  or  emergency  cam- 
paigns, namely,  Buildings,  Salaries,  and  Bonds.  The  other  seven 
we  may  designate  as  continuous  campaigns,  in  that  the  object  of  the 
publicity  is  not  necessarily  to  achieve  some  immediate  purpose  once 
and  for  all,  but  rather  to  carry  to  the  people  those  things  in  the  public 
school  system  which  are  constant  and  continuous,  year  after  year. 
This  type  of  newspaper  campaign  is  the  one  for  which  the  superin- 
tendent of  schools  needs  to  plan  a  program,  and  it  is  a  type  of  pub- 
licity which  is  as  important  as  the  special  purpose  publicity  relating 
to  the  raising  of  bond  issues,  and  the  like.  Such  campaigns,  together 
with  the  incidental,  everyday  news  and  information  concerning  the 
school  system,  should  comprise  the  bulk  of  a  publicity  program  for 
the  public  schools. 

The  frequency  with  which  school  systems  have  carried  on  these 
campaigns  in  the  daily  newspaper  is  set  forth  in  Table  XX,  page  74. 

The  remaining  material  in  this  chapter  consists  of  the  opinons 
of  superintendents  of  schools,  relative  to  various  general  matters 
which  are  closely  connected  with  the  use  of  the  daily  newspaper  as  a 
means  of  school  publicity. 

Three  newspaper  editions  are  published  in  many  cities,  a  morn- 
ing, an  afternoon  and  evening,  and  a  Sunday  edition.  Superintend- 
ents were  asked  on  the  question  sheet  to  rank  these  three  editions  in 
order  of  their  effectiveness  in  getting  school  news  to  the  community. 
Only  the  rankings  of  those  superintendents  in  cities  having  all  three 
editions  were  considered.  The  tabulation  of  these  rankings  in  Table 
XXI,  page  75  shows  that  the  afternoon  and  evening  edition  is 
very  definitely  considered  most  effective  for  carrying  school  news. 
The  Sunday  edition  is  next  effective,  and  the  morning  edition  least 
effective.  The  general  feeling  that  evening  and  Sunday  editions  are 
"Home  Editions"  no  doubt  partly  accounts  for  this  opinion. 

Are  there  valid  reasons  for  the  expenditure  of  public  funds  on 
publicity  for  school  systems?  The  answer  to  this  question  is  im- 
portant, and  the  opinion  of  superintendents  in  regard  to  it  are  valu- 
able. The  question  does  not  refer  exclusively  to  the  use  of  the 
daily  paper,  but  rather  to  the  whole  program  of  public  school  infor- 
mation service  in  which  the  newspaper  is  an  important  element. 

From  the  statements  of  editors  considered  in  Chapter  III,  it  is 
clear  that  a  great  deal  of  school  news  is  being  printed  by  the  daily 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  51 

papers  without  cost  to  the  school  system.  In  so  far  as  it  is  good 
"news",  the  newspapers  are  evidently  not  only  willing  to  print  it  free 
of  charge  but  anxious  to  get  more  of  it.  On  the  other  hand,  there  are 
types  of  school  publicity  which,  in  the  opinion  of  superintendents, 
are  desirable  for  publication,  but  which  do  not  have  enough  "news" 
interest  to  warrant  the  furnishings  of  free  space  on  the  part  of  the 
newspaper.  It  is  desirable  at  times  to  print  pure  display  advertising 
in  the  interests  of  the  school  system.  In  so  far,  therefore,  as  it  is 
advisable  to  print  this  non-news  material,  the  expense  of  newspaper 
publication  enters  into  the  question  of  expending  public  funds  for 
publicity  purposes.  In  answering  the  question,  however,  superin- 
tendents no  doubt  had  the  whole  publicity  program  in  mind,  includ- 
ing all  printed  material  which  gives  information  about  the  school  sys- 
tem. Representative  answers  to  this  question  received  from  super- 
intendents are  found  in  the  compilation  of  opinion  which  follows. 

The  majority  of  superintendents  evidently  believe  that  there  are 
valid  reasons  for  expending  public  funds  for  publicity  purposes. 
Their  reasons  as  expressed  are  the  following: 

1.  The  effect  which  such  expenditure  will  have  upon  the  finan-  Principal 

cial  support  of  the  school — the   giving  of  information  Reasons  for 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  financial  support.  Expending 

2.  The  obligation  of  a  democracy  to  report  to  its  citizens — the  ,  u  1C    un  s 

public  is  entitled  to  full  information  in  regard  to  its    °r,,c.?° 
school  system.  Pubhcuy. 

3.  The  influence  which  an  informational  program  will  have 

upon  the  teaching  staff — to  bring  to  individual  teachers 
a  conception  of  the  whole  organization  and  their  part  in 
this  whole. 

4.  The  influence  which  school  publicity  will  have  upon  the  \ 

children  of  the  community  in  bringing  to  them  a 
knowledge  of  the  opportunities  offered  them. 

5.  The  effect  which  such  expenditure  will  have  in  securing  the 

cooperation  of  the  home,  which  is  all  important  in  the 
work  which  the  public  school  is  doing. 

6.  The  fact  that  such  expenditure  is  good  business;  that  edu- 

cation is  a  product;  that  the  same  reasons  which  exist 
for  advertising  any  other  worth  while  product  hold  true 
for  advertising  the  public  schools. 

A  compilation  of  representative  opinions  of  superintendents  in 
regard  to  this  matter  follows. 


52 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


The  Opinions  of 
Superintendents 
Relative  to 
Expenditure 
for  School 
Publicity. 


VALID  REASONS  FOR  EXPENDING  PUBLIC  FUNDS  ON  PUBLICITY 
FOR  A  SCHOOL  SYSTEM 

From  the  Reports  of  250  Superintendents  of  Schools 

1.  To  build  up  morale  in  the  teaching  staff. 

"To  educate  the  teaching  staff." 

2.  To  influence  children  to  complete  their  school  course. 

"Children  do  what  is  socially  approved." 

"To  induce  children  to  take  advantage  of  schools." 

3.  To  inform  the  public  about  the  schools. 

"Belief  in  public  schools  depends  upon  how  well  people 

know  them." 
"To  acquaint  our  employers  with  changes  in  methods 

and  materials." 
"That  citizens  may  understand  the  scholastic  work  of 

the  children." 
"Accurate  and  ample  information  is  the  first  step  toward 

success  in  any  undertaking." — James  J.  Hill. 
"The  worst  enemies  of  the  schools  are  those  who  are  most 

ignorant  of  what  they  are  doing." 
"Without  information  the  layman  cannot  appreciate  his 

school  system,  its  requirements,  and  its  opportuni- 
ties." 

4.  To  satisfy  a  right  which  the  people  have  to  know  about 

their  schools. 
"To  inform  the  public  which  pays  the  bills." 
"The  public  is  entitled  to  know  the  facts  involved  in 
school  policies  before  they  become  ancient  history." 
"It  allows  the  public  to  check  the  work  of  the  schools." 

5.  To  create  cooperation  between  home  and  school. 

6.  To  secure  financial  support  for  the  schools. 

"To  secure  more  money." 

"To  keep  teachers'  salaries  up." 

"People  will  not  support  an  institution  in  which  they  are 
not  interested." 

"Self-preservation;  no  school  system  can  secure  funds 
unless  the  people  believe  in  the  wisdom  of  the  ex- 
penditure." 

7.  To  educate  the  voter. 

"To  educate  the  public  to  the  problems  and  needs  of  the 
school." 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  53 


8.  There  is  no  good  reason. 

"It  is  not  necessary." 
"Should  be  done  only  in  an  emergency." 
"School  news  only  read  by  teachers." 
"Papers  furnish  all  necessary  news  at  no  cost." 

9.  To  bring  about  expansion  and  progress. 

10.  To  keep  public  steadily  informed  so  as  to  ward  off  damaging 

reaction. 

11.  To  overcome  unfair  criticism. 

"To  remove  hostility." 

12.  It  is  good  business. 

"Advertising" 

"It  pays." 

"To  sell  the  schools  to  the  public." 

"Education  is  a  product  to  be  sold  to  the  public.  The 
same  reasons  for  advertising  this  product  exist  as  for 
advertising  any  other  worth  while  thing  that  the 
public  needs. 

13.  To  gain  the  good  will  of  the  public. 

14.  It   tends   to   increase   enrollment   and    raise   the   average 

attendance. 

One  of  the  problems  which  confront  the  superintendent  in  his  Overcoming 
relations  with  the  daily  newspapers,  is  that  of  avoiding  the  charge  of  the  Charge  of 
partiality  in  furnishing  news.     Even  though  the  intent  of  a  super-  Partiality 
intendent  in  this  particular  may  be  entirely  good,  in  practice  the  On  the  Part 
difficulty  often  presents  itself.     Many  of  the  superintendents  re-  of  Newspapers. 
porting  stated  that  they  had  experienced  the  charge  of  partiality, 
and  several  admitted  that  they  had  been  unable  to  overcome  the 
difficulty.     A  few  newspaper  editors  in  their  letters  referred  to  this 
problem,  and  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  fair  distribution  of  news 
is   an    essential    element    in  the  relations  between  superintendents 
and  newspaper  organizations. 

A  few  superintendents  stated  that  there  were,  in  their  respective 
cities,  some  newspapers  to  which  they  did  not  care  to  give  school 
news,  because  of  the  character  of  the  newspaper  and  the  manner  in 
which  it  treated  school  news  when  furnished  to  it.  To  these  super- 
intendents a  method  of  fairly  distributing  school  news  has  no  inter- 
est. But  to  those  who  realize  that  each  newspaper  in  a  city  has  its 
own  body  of  readers,  and  that  this  body  of  readers  is  as  much  en- 
titled to  information  about  the  public  school  news  as  any  other  group 
of  citizens,  the  importance  of  distributing  school  news  fairly  to  all 
newspapers  is  evident. 


54 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


Ways  of 
Overcoming 
the  Charge 
of  Partiality. 


An  attempt  was  made  in  the  question  sheet  to  secure  the  opin- 
ions of  superintendents  in  this  particular,  and  especially  to  learn 
some  of  the  methods  by  which  they  overcome  this  charge  of  par- 
tiality. The  question  asked  them  was  as  follows:  "Where  there  are 
two  or  more  newspapers  in  a  city,  if  you  have  ever  experienced  the 
charge  of  partiality  in  furnishing  news  to  one  of  them,  how  have  you 
overcome  this?"  In  general,  the  methods  reported  by  superin- 
tendents in  answer  to  the  question  can  be  classified  under  the  follow- 
ing heads: 

1.  Maintain  friendly  relations  with  all  newspapers,  and  arrive 

at  an  agreement  as  to  the  distribution  of  school  news 
which  will  satisfy  all. 

2.  Whenever  school  news  is  furnished  the  press,  send  duplicate 

copies  to  all  newspapers. 

3.  Save  all  important  news  for  the  Sunday  editions  in  which 

all  newspapers  get  an  "even  break". 

4.  Have  newspapers  agree  upon  an  hour  in  the   day  which 

separates  their  respective  fields. 

5.  Apply  the  motto:    "First  come,  first  served". 

6.  Furnish  no  news  to  any  of  the  newspapers. 

A  compilation  of  the  representative  opinion  of  superintendents 
in  regard  to  methods  of  overcoming  this  difficulty  follows.  In  it 
superintendents  may  find  some  suggestion  which  will  help  in  solving 
their  individual  problems. 


HOW  SUPERINTENDENTS   IN  GIVING  OUT  SCHOOL  NEWS   AVOID 
THE  CHARGE  OF  PARTIALITY 


I. 


2. 


4- 
5- 
6. 


From  the  Reports  of  250  Superintendents  of  Schools 

Give  the  same  material  to  all  papers. 

"Furnish  duplicate  copies  of  news  to  all  papers." 

Save  important  news  for  Sunday  edition. 

"In  Sunday  edition  all  papers  get  an  'even  break'." 

Give  reporters  privilege  of  getting  news  at  any  time. 
"Give  the  news  to  the  first  reporter  on  the  ground." 

Give  all  papers  privilege  of  writing  special  feature  stories. 

Meet  representatives  of  all  papers  each  day. 

Create  personal  relations  with  newspaper  men. 
"Make  friends  with  the  reporters." 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  55 

7.  Distribute  news  fairly. 

"Arrange  the  'breaks'  on  a  50-50  basis." 

"Play  no  favorites." 

"Tactful  alternating  of  news." 

"Give  each  paper  exclusive  news  for  a  week." 

8.  "When  one  paper  initiates  a  story,  we  give  no  information 

to  another  paper." 

9.  "When  one  paper  gets  a  'scoop',  we  help  the  others  to  get 

news." 

10.  Leave  the  initiative  in  getting  news  to  the  papers;  don't 

"press  agent"  the  schools  to  the  newspapers. 

11.  Assign  a  reporter  from  the  system  to  each  paper. 

12.  Have  an  agreement  with  the  newspapers. 

"Where  there  are  morning  and  afternoon  papers,  have 
them  define  an  hour  that  separates  their  fields, — 
e.  g.,  give  all  news  that  'breaks'  before  1  too  P.  M. 
to  afternoon  papers,  all  that  breaks  after  1  :oo  P  M. 
to  morning  papers." 

"Give  news  to  first  paper  to  have  an  issue  after  news 
becomes  available." 

13.  Never  furnish  news  to  any  newspaper. 

14.  Have  been  unable  to  solve  the  difficulty. 

15.  Never  have  had  the  charge  of  partiality  made. 

In  the  opinion  of  school  superintendents,  the  daily  press  is  a  The  Importance 
most  important  factor,  influencing  the  conduct  and  progress  of  the  of  the  Press 
public  schools.     In  answer  to  the  question,  "How  important  to  the  to  a  Public 
progressive  improvement  of  the  school  system  do  you  consider  the  School  System 
attitude  of  the  press?"  superintendents  were  almost  unanimous  in 
assigning  great  importance  to  the  attitude  of  the  daily  press.     The 
opinion  seems  to  be  almost  universal  that  the  daily  newspaper  has 
great  power  to  create  and  mold  public  sentiment.     In  view  of  this, 
many  superintendents  expressed  the  opinion  that  it  is  not  only  good 
policy,  but  that  it  is  the  definite  duty  of  those  in  charge  of  public 
education  to  utilize  fully  this  power  of  the  press  in  the  interest  of  the 
schools. 

In  the  opinion  of  some  superintendents,  the  influence  of  the 
press  depends  entirely  upon  the  standing  of  the  individual  newspaper 
in  the  community.  Some  superintendents  believe  that  the  support 
of  the  press  is  over-emphasized.  Some  believe  that  its  support  is  not 
at  all  necessary.  It  may  be  that  in  some  cities  printed  material, 
prepared  and  distributed  directly  by  the  school  system,  to  some  ex- 


56 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


tent  takes  the  place  of  newspaper  publicity.  These  instances,  how- 
ever, are  few.  The  fact  remains  that  the  greatest  single  agency  for 
informing  the  public  about  its  schools  is  the  daily  newspaper.  The 
majority  of  superintendents  reporting  had  no  doubts  about  this  mat- 
ter. Representative  opinions  stated  by  them  are  presented  in  the 
following  compilation. 


The  Opinion  of 
Superintendents 
Relative  to  the 
Importance 
of  the  Press. 


THE  IMPORTANCE  OF  THE  ATTITUDE  OF  THE  PRESS  TO  A  PUBLIC 

SCHOOL  SYSTEM 

From  the  Reports  of  250  Superintendents  of  Schools 

1.  Of  the  Utmost  Importance. 

"Invaluable." 

"Supreme." 

"The  deciding  factor." 

"The  biggest  single  factor." 

"All  important." 

"The  most  important  agency  for  creating  public  opinion." 

"The  support  or  opposition  of  the  press  may  make  or  mar 

a  school  system." 
"Essential." 
"Vital." 

"Indispensable." 
"A  united  press  spells  success." 

"A  sympathetic  press  is  worth  a  $10,000  appropriation." 
"Of  tremendous  importance  provided  it  is  not  inspired  by 

school  executives  or  controlled  by  paid  advertising." 
"Programs  cannot  be  put  over  easily  or  well  without  the 

support  of  the  press." 
"The  press  can  ruin  a  school  system." 

2.  Fairly  Important. 

"Desirable." 

3.  Not  Necessary. 

"Much  can  be  done  in  spite  of  the  press." 

"Its  importance  depends  upon  the  paper." 

"Its  influence  is  decreasing  because  of  the  use  of  other 

printed  publicity  by  school  systems." 
"I  discount  most  of  the  supposed  influence  of  the  press." 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  57 

Daily  newspapers  do  not  always  handle  school  news  in  the  best  The  Treatment 
possible  way.     The  reasons  for  this  are  probably  two-fold.     In  the  of  School  News 
first  place,  as  was  discussed  in  Chapter  III,  school  people  have  not  by  the  Local 
yet  learned   how  to  furnish  properly  written  school  news    for   the  Press. 
daily  paper.     If  the  rules  and  suggestions  given  by  editors  to  school 
men  were  followed  in  the  preparation  of  copy,  some  of  the  improper 
presentation  of  school  news  might  be  avoided.     On  the  other  hand, 
unquestionably  the  newspaper  organizations  are  at  fault  in  this  mat- 
ter.    Those  responsible  for  the  conduct  of  papers  no  doubt  will  ad- 
mit that  no  more  important  institution  than  that   of  the    public 
school  system  exists  in  any  community.     The   proper  interpretation 
of  its  activities,  its  progress,  and  its  needs,  requires  at  least  a  reason- 
able knowledge  of  the  institution.     And  yet,  to  quote  one  of  the 
editors  themselves,  "Much  school  news  is  given  out  by  educators  who 
do  not  understand  newspapers,  and  written  by  reporters  who  do  not 
understand  education". 

Superintendents  complain  that  newspapers  do  not  have  the 
school  point  of  view;  that  immature,  inexperienced,  and  frivolous  re- 
porters are  too  often  assigned  to  interpret  the  interests  of  the  school 
to  the  newspaper  reading  public;  that  over-emphasis  on  the  "story" 
element  is  often  emphasis  misplaced  from  the  point  of  view  of  the 
public  school  interests;  and  that  school  news  often  does  not  receive 
in  the  daily  paper  the  prominence  and  position  which  its  importance 
warrants. 

It  is  clear  that  fault  exists  on  both  sides.  A  consideration  of 
the  attitude  of  press  and  school  in  this  matter  may  be  of  benefit  to 
both.  The  point  of  view  of  the  editor  was  set  forth  in  Chapter  III. 
The  following  compilation,  setting  forth  the  opinion  of  superintend- 
ents, represents  the  point  of  view  of  the  school  in  this  matter. 

FAULTS  IN  THE  TREATMENT  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS  BY  THE  LOCAL 

PRESS 

From  the  Reports  of  250  Superintendents  of  Schools 

1.     News  written  by  those  who  don't   know  the  thing  they 
write  about. 
"Much  school  news  is  given  out  by  educators  who  don't 
understand  newspapers,  and  written  by  reporters 
who  don't  understand  education." 
"Newspapers  lack  the  school  point  of  view." 
"Reporters  lack  technical  knowledge  of  education." 


58 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


Faults  of 
Newspapers 
in  Presenting 
School  News. 


"Injudicious  criticism  of  the  schools  by  immature  and 

inexperienced  reporters." 
"Editors  write  authoritatively  of  things  without  being 

properly  informed. 
"Lack  of  educational  editor  who  understands  schools." 

2.  Emphasis  misplaced. 

"Emphasis  placed  on  the  wrong  thing." 
"Emphasis  on  the  unimportant." 
"Over-emphasis  on  tax  rate." 

"Emphasis   placed  on  cost  rather  than  on  service  ren- 
dered." 
"Too  much  space  given  to  athletics." 

3.  Facts  misrepresented. 

"Facts  distorted." 

"Wrong  interpretation  of  facts." 

4.  Facts  mis-stated. 

"Often  inaccurate." 
"Often  careless  as  to  facts." 
"Frequent  exaggeration." 
"Failure  to  verify  statements." 
"Written  too  hastily." 

5.  School  news  used  for  political  purposes. 

6.  News  incomplete. 

"Too  brief." 

"All  the  facts  not  given." 

7.  Improper  headlines. 

"Headlines  often  misleading." 
"Headings  often  lacking." 
"Headlines  often  too  small." 

8.  News  poorly  placed. 

"School  news  placed  to  disadvantage." 
"News  put  in  inconspicuous  places." 
"School  news  used  as  filler  only." 

9.     News  changed  and  colored. 

'News  often  colored  to  suit  views  of  the  editor." 
'News  too  often  rewritten  by  editors." 
'Statement  of  facts  biased  by  opinion  of  editor." 

10.     News  "story"  put  ahead  of  school  interests. 
"Truth  sacrificed  for  a  story." 

"News  value  prominent  at  the  expense  of  social  wel- 
fare." 


"I 
"1 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  59 

ii.     Featuring  the  sensational. 

"Anything  to  sell  papers." 

12.  Unfriendly  and  destructive  criticism. 

13.  Difficult  to  get  cuts  used  when  furnished. 

14.  No  faults  found. 

There  should  be  a  philosophy  underlying  the  use  of  the  daily  Ethical 
papers  by  school  administrators.     An  attempt  was  made  to  discover  Principles 
some  of  the  elements  of  this  philosophy  by  asking  superintendents  to  Governing 
state  those  ethical  principles  which,  in  their  opinion,  should  control  the  Use  of 
the  use  of  the  newspaper  for  school  publicity  purposes.     The  an-  Newspapers 
swers  received  are  not  presented  as  a  philosophy  of  educational  pub-  By  School. 
licity  in  the  daily  press,  but  rather  as  an  indication  that  there  are 
some   generally  conceded   principles  which   should   govern.     These 
principles  fall  into  three  rough  classes:  first,  principles  relating   to 
subject  matter;  second,  principles  affecting  the  relations  between 
press  and  school;  third,  principles  relating  to  the  personal  element  in 
school  news. 

A  majority  of  superintendents  expressed  some  opinions  as  to 
the  ethical  principles  which  should  govern  school  publicity.  A  con- 
sideration of  the  rules  and  suggestions  of  editors  as  given  in  Chapter 
III  will  reveal  certain  underlying  principles  from  their  viewpoint. 
The  following  is  a  compilation  of  principles  expressed  by  superin- 
tendents. In  regard  to  these,  there  was  a  remarkable  unanimity  of 
opinion,  showing  that,  in  their  thinking  at  least,  those  who  utilize 
the  daily  press  in  the  interests  of  the  public  schools  recognize  certain 
fundamental  principles  which  should  govern. 

ETHICAL  PRINCIPLES  GOVERNING  THE  USE  OF  THE  NEWSPAPERS 
BY  SCHOOL  ADMINISTRATORS 

From  the  Reports  of  250  Superintendents  of  Schools 

1.  Service  of  public  interest  paramount. 

"Will  it  serve  the  best  interests  of  the  children  to  print 

this  story?" 
"Positive  upbuilding  of  the  school  system  should  be  the 

governing  factor  in  giving  out  school  news." 

2.  Maintain  right  relations  with  reporters  and  editors. 

"Be  impartial." 

"Be  frank." 

"Respect  the  opinions  of  the  paper." 

"Be  courteous." 

"Take  the  newspaper  men  into  your  confidence." 

"Give  the  opposition  of  the  press  due  consideration." 

"Have  confidence  in  reporters  and  editors." 


60 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


Ethical 
Principles 
Which  Should 
Govern  the 
Use  of 
Newspapers. 


"Don't  ask  for  suppression  of  unfavorable  news." 
"Editor  should  always  have  the  right  to  edit  any  ma- 
terial." 
"A  newspaper  attack  is  seldom  personal,  merely  a  differ- 
ence of  policy." 
"Advertising  is  not  news.     It  should  be  paid  for." 
"Consider  the  interests  and  welfare  of  the  paper." 

Personal  glorification  has  no  place  in  school  news. 
"Keep  yourself  in  the  background." 
"Advertise  your  schools,  not  yourself." 
"Don't  play  to  the  grandstand  for  personal  aggrandize- 
ment." 

Give  subordinates  credit  for  work  done. 
"Give  all  departments  an  equal  show." 

Tell  the  truth  always. 
"State  the  real  facts." 
"Be  honest." 

"Be  scrupulously  accurate." 
"Tell  the  truth,  even  though  it  hurts." 
"Put  all  the  cards  on  the  table." 
"In  controverted  questions,  give  both  sides." 
"Never  use  'bunk'  in  school  news." 
"Don't  warp  or  twist  the  interpretation  of  statistics." 

Develop  a  sense  of  proportion  in  handing  out  school  news. 

'Too  much  publicity  is  more  injurious  than  none  at  all." 

'Don't  expect  too  much  space." 
"Use  common  sense." 
"Present  only  one  worth  while  matter  at  a  time." 

7.  Don't  suppress  unfavorable  facts. 

"Don't  try  to  conceal  defects." 

8.  Never  enter  into  a  newspaper  controversy. 

9.  "Be  independent."  "Be  conservative."     "Be  dignified." 

"No  publicity  at  the  expense  of  the  dignity  of  the  cause 
of  education." 

10.     Use  wisdom  in  the  selection  of  subject  matter. 

"Don't  write  unless  you  have  something  to  say." 
"Don't    give  publicity  to  intimate  matters  concerning 

pupils  and  teachers." 
"Don't  complain." 
"Don't  boast." 
"Feature  the  everyday  work  of  the  school,  not  only  the 

extra  activities." 
"Make  news  specific." 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  61 

"Comparisons  are  always  odious."  Ethical 

"Eliminate  personal  opinions."  Principles 

"Don't  exaggerate."  Which  Should 

"Furnish  items  of  national  as  well  as  local  interest."  Govern  the 

"Never  discuss  personalities."  Use  of 

11.  Avoid  sensationalism.  Newspapers. 

12.  "The  less  you  give  the  newspapers,  the  better  you  will  ac- 

complish the  work  in  your  school." 
"The  public  school  is  an  established  necessity  and  there- 
fore needs  no  advertising." 

13.  "Never  use  a  'nora  de  plume'  in  communications  to  the 

paper." 


62  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

FORM  A 

A  Form  For  Collecting  Information  on  School  News  or 

Educational  Publicity 

The  Subject  of  this  Inquiry  is:    THE  USE  AND  VALUE  OF  THE  NEWSPAPER  AS  A  MEDIUM  OF 

GD7ING  PUBLICITY  TO  NEWS  OF  THE  SCHOOL  SYSTEM. 

I  have  worked  on  this  form  to  make  the  answering  of  it  as  easy  as  possible  for  you.    Most  of  it  you  can 
answer  by  checking  as  you  read.     I  shall  appreciate  your  giving  as  much  thought  as  possible  to  it. 

R.  G.  REYNOLDS, 

525  West  120  St.,  New  York  City. 


(Your  Name)  (Title)  (Address) 

I.     Financing  School  Publicity 

1.  What  is  the  total  amount  of  your  school  budget  for  1921-22?  $ 

2.  Do  you  have  an  item  in  the  budget  specifically  appropriated  for  publicity? 

3.  What  is  the  amount  of  this  item  for  the  year  1921-22?  $ 

4.  List  the  main  purposes  for  which  it  is  spent 


5.  If  you  have  no  item  specifically  appropriated  for  publicity,  have  you  an  item  or  fund  which  can  be  used 

for  publicity  purposes? 

6.  What  amount  approximately  will  be  used  for  publicity,  1921-22?  $ 

7.  In  your  opinion  what  %  of  your  school  budget  should  be  spent  for  publicity? 

II.    Organization  and  Personnel 

1.  Do  you  have  a  person  in  your  system  responsible  for  collecting  and  releasing  school  news? 

2.  What  is  his  name? His  title? 

3.  Does  he  spend  his  whole  time  at  this  work? His  yearly  salary? 

4.  If  part  time,  what  proportion  is  spent  in  publicity  work? 

5.  If  part  time,  what  are  his  other  duties? 

6.  Do  you  have  a  publicity  Committee  for  the  entire  school  system? 

7.  Of  whom  is  it  composed? 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


63 


HI.    The  Collection  of  School  News 

Which  of  the  following  collect  school  news  for  newspaper  publication? 
Answer  by  checking  in  the  squares. 

Daily  Weekly  Monthly 


V. 


Irregularly      Not  at  all 


1.  Publicity  Director □ 

2.  Superintendent  of  Schools □ 

3.  Supervisors fj 

4.  High  School  Principals Q] 

5.  Elementary  School  Principals fj 

6.  Clerk  of  School  Board □ 

7.  Individual  Students Q 

8.  Individual  Teachers 

9.  English  Classes • □ 

10.  Journalism  Classes Q 

11 □ 

12 □ 

IV.    The  Editing  of  School  News 

1.  Does  all  school  news  come  to  the  Superintendent  of  Schools  or  the  Publicity  Director  for  approval  before 

it  is  released  to  the  newspapers  for  publication? 

2.  If  not,  which  of  the  following  types  of  news  are  approved  and  edited  by  persons  other  than  the  writers? 


□ 

□ 

□ 

□ 

l 

□ 

□ 

□ 

□ 

2 

□ 

□ 

□ 

□ 

3 

□ 

□ 

□ 

□ 

4 

□ 

□ 

D 

□ 

5 

□ 

□ 

□ 

D 

6, 

□ 

D 

D 

□ 

7, 

□ 

□ 

D 

□ 

8, 

D 

□ 

□ 

D 

9, 

B 

□ 

□ 

□ 

10 

□ 

B 

□ 

□ 

11 

□ 

□ 

□ 

□ 

12, 

Type  of  News 

Answer  by  checking  in  squares. 

Principal 

a.  School  Page  or  Column 

b.  Special  Feature  Articles 

c.  High  School  Notes □ 

d.  Elementary  School  Notes □ 

e.  School  Athletic  News □ 

f.  Parent  Teacher  Assn.  News fj 

g.  Teachers  Club  News fj 

h.  Page,  Column,  or  Dept.  contributed 

by  children 

i.    News  of  School  Board  Meetings. .. .      fj 

J □ 

k □ 


Approved  or  Edited  by 

English  or 
Athletic    Journalism    Student 
Teacher      Coach  Class  Editors  Others 


□ 

B 
□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 

□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 


□ 
B 
□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 

□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 


□ 
□ 

□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 

□ 
□ 
□ 
□ 


D 
□ 

□ 
□ 

□ 

B 

□ 

D 
□ 
□ 
□ 


a. 

b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 

f. 


□ 

D 
□ 
□ 
D 

B 

□  g. 

□  h. 

D     i- 

□    i- 

□    k. 


Relations  with  Local  Newspaper  Organization 

Answer  by  checking  in  squares. 

Daily 
Do  papers  assign  definite  reporters  to  cover  school 

news? Q 

Do  papers  employ  paid  teacher  reporters? H| 

Do  papers  employ  paid  student  reporters? 

Does    Superintendent    furnish    prepared    news    to 

papers? Q 

Do  individual   schools  furnish   prepared   news   to 

papers? fj 

Do  you  use  paid  advertising  space  in  papers? [~] 


Weekly    Monthly    Irregularly    Not  at  all 


1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 


□ 
D 

B 
□ 

□ 

D 


□ 
□ 

B 
□ 

□ 

□ 


□ 
□ 
□ 

□ 

□ 
□ 


□ 

□ 
□ 


i 

2 
3 


D      4 


□ 
□ 


If  used  regularly,  for  what  purposes?.. 


□ 

a 

a 

□     a. 

□ 

a 

□ 

□     b. 

□ 

a 

□ 

□     c. 

□ 

a 

a 

□     d. 

□ 

a 

□ 

□     e. 

□ 

a 

D 

□      f. 

□ 

a 

a 

□     g- 

□ 

a 

a 

□     h. 

D 

□ 

a 

□     i- 

□ 

a 

a 

□     J- 

a 

□ 

□ 

□    k. 

64  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

8.     Do  papers  in  your  city  have  an  Educational  Editor? 

Name  of  Paper 

Which  of  the  following  departments  devoted  to  school  news  are  found  in  your  local  papers? 

Answer  by  checking  in  squares. 

Daily    Weekly    Monthly    Irregularly    Not  at  all 

a.  A  School  Page □ 

b.  A  School  Column Q 

c.  Special  School  News  Feature  Articles Q 

d.  Local  High  School  Notes Q 

e.  Local  Elementary  School  Notes Q 

f.  Local  Public  School  Athletics Q 

g.  Parent  Teacher  Assn.  Notes Q 

h.  School  Board  Meeting  News 

i.  Local  Teachers  Club  News 

j.  A    Page    or    Dept.    contributed    by    School 

Children □ 

k □ 

VI.    Personal  Opinion  (Confidential) 

The  preparation  and  publication  of  school  news  has  not  been  organized  in  most  school  systems.  The 
practice  and  opinion  of  leading  school  men  will  form  a  basis  for  such  organization.  The  answers  to  the  following 
questions  will  supply  a  very  valuable  body  of  opinion  relative  to  certain  aspects  of  this  problem  of  properly  in- 
forming the  public  about  the  public  schools.  Your  personal  opinion  will  add  to  the  body  of  information  which 
is  needed.     The  editors  of  100  prominent  daily  papers  have  given  their  opinions  in  answer  to  similar  questions. 

1.  List  some  of  the  most  common  faults  in  the  treatment  of  school  news  by  your  local  press. 

2.  Which  of  the  following  do  you  consider  the  best  mediums  for  reaching  your  public?     Rank  them  1,  2, 

and  3,  as  to  their  effectiveness  in  getting  across  school  news  to  the  public : 

Morning  Edition Afternoon  and  Evening  Edition Sunday  Edition 

3.  On  the  basis  of  your  opinion,  rank  the  usefulness  to  the  school  system  of  school  news  in  the  following 

departments  of  the  daily  newspaper.  Divide  the  departments  into  three  groups,  placing  a  figure  1 
after  those  which  you  have  found  most  useful;  a  figure  2  after  those  second  best;  a  figure  3  after 
those  of  least  value. 

1.  Editorials Q  11.  Commercial  Ads  co-operating  with  School 

2.  School  Page □  System □ 

3.  Special  School  Column □  12.  Athletic  Page  or  Column C 

4.  Communications  Column □  13.  High  School  Notes C 

5.  Display  Ads  by  School  System □  14.  Elementary  School  Notes C 

6.  Feature  Stories □  15.  Parent  Teacher  Assn.  Notes C 

7.  News  as  such □  16.  School  Board  Meeting  Notes D 

8.  Sunday  Magazines Q  17.  Illustrations,  Charts,  Cartoons C 

9.  Sunday  Picture  Supplement □  18.  Entire  Issue  of  Paper  by  Students □ 

10.  Page  or  Dept.  by  School  Children ....  □ 

4.  In  the  various  school  systems  which  you  have  administered,  what  has  seemed  to  you  to  be  the  general 

attitude  or  policy  of  the  local  press  toward  those  school  systems?    Answer  by  checking. 

School  Systems 

No.l 

No.  2 

No.3 

No.  4 

No.  5 □ 


Active 

Friendly 

Lack  of 

Unfavorable 

Hostile 

Support 

Cooperation 

Interest 

Attitude 

Attitude 

n 

□ 

□ 

D 

□ 

D 

D 

D 

□ 

□ 

D 

D 

□ 

□ 

□ 

D 

□ 

□ 

□ 

□ 

•    □ 

□ 

□ 

D 

□ 

NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  65 

5.  Below  are  listed  "units"  of  continuous  publicity  campaigns  which  have  been  organized  and  carried  out 

in  various  school  systems.     Check  those  which  you  have  carried  on  in  the  newspapers.    Add  any 
others. 

Attendance  Campaign Q  "What  the  School  is  Doing"  Campaign □ 

Health  Campaign Q  Recruiting  of  Teachers  Campaign 

Better  Salaries  Campaign □  Americanization  Campaign 

Building  Campaign □  Night  School  Campaign □ 

Parent  Teacher  Assn.  Campaign □  "Go  to  High  School"  Campaign □ 

Playground  Campaign □  "Safety  First"  Campaign □ 

Thrift  Campaign Bond  Issue  Campaign □ 

"Go  to  College"  Campaign □  Patriotism  Campaign □ 

Illiteracy  Campaign □  "Know  Your  City"  Campaign 

School  Week  Campaign Q  

□       □ 

Frequently    Occasionally    Seldom    Never 

6.  In  general  have  you  found  the  editorial  column  discussing 

school  matters?  □  D  D  D 

/  shall  appreciate  such  discussion  of  the  following  questions  as  you  care  to  give. 
Please  use  a  separate  sheet  if  necessary. 

7.  What  seem  to  you  to  be  the  most  valid  reasons  for  expending  public  funds  on  publicity  for  a  school 

system? 


8.     Where  there  are  two  or  more  papers  in  a  city,  if  you  have  ever  experienced  the  charge  of  partiality  in 
furnishing  news  to  one  of  them,  how  have  you  overcome  this? 


9.     What  is  your  attitude  on  cultivating  friendly  relations  with  editors  and  reporters? 


10.    How  important  to  the  progressive  improvement  of  a  school  system  do  you  consider  the  attitude  of  the 
press? 


11.     Do  you  care  to  list  any  ethical  principles  which  in  your  opinion  should  govern  the  use  of  the  newspaper 
by  school  administrators  to  give  publicity  to  the  school  system? 


66 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  IX. 
FINANCING  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  INFORMATION  SERVICE 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


Cities  Having  a  Specific 

Cities  Not  Having  a 

A  ppropriation  for 

Specific  Appropriation 

I 

Information  Service 

For  Information  Service 

2 

3 

5 

6 

Specific  Provis- 

Amount 

Any  other  Fund 

Approximate  Amount 

ion  in  Budget 

of 

Which  Can  be  Used 

To  Be  Used  for  In- 

for Information 

this 

For  Information 

formation  Service 

Service 

Provision 

Service 

1921-2$. 

NUMBER 

% 

NUMBER 

NUMBER 

% 

NUMBER 

Number 

No 

Max- 

Min- 

No 

Max- 

Min- 

No 

Cities 

Population 

No 

Yes 

Answer 

Yes 

imum 

imum 

No 

Yes 

Answer 

Yes 

imum 

imum 

Answer 

29 

Over  100,000 

25 

3 

1 

10 

$20,000 

$2000 

15 

5 

9 

17 

$3000 

$0 

24 

81 

30,000  to  100,000 

73 

6 

2 

7 

$4000 

$0 

34 

26 

21 

32 

$1800 

$0 

47 

140 

Less  than  30,000 

128 

10 

2 

7 

$1200 

$0 

45 

67 

28 

48 

$1400 

$0 

55 

All  250  Cities 

226 

19 

5 

8 

$20,000 

$0 

94 

98 

58 

39 

$3000 

$0 

126 

Read  the  table  as  follows:  Of  the  school  systems  in  29  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  25  have  now  no  specific  provision  in  the 
budget  for  information  service;  3  have  such  a  provision;  10%  of  the  whole  group  have  a  specific  provision;  the  maximum  amount 
of  this  provision  is  $20,000;  the  minimum  amount  is  $2,000;  etc. 

TABLE  X. 
PERCENT  OF  BUDGET  WHICH  SHOULD  BE  SPENT  FOR  SCHOOL 

INFORMATION  SERVICE 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOI-S 


1-7 

Number  of  Superintendents  Recommending 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

3% 

2% 

1.5% 

1% 

.5% 

.33% 

•25% 

or 
Less 

0% 

Very 
Little 

No 
Answer 

29 

81 

140 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

2 

5 

1 

12 

1 

7 

11 

1 
1 

2 

5 

13 

2 

8 

15 

1 

8 
8 

23 
52 
73 

All  250  Cities 

2 

B 

I 

12 

18 

2 

■->(> 

25 

17 

MS 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    Of  29  superintendents  of  schools  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  one  recommends  that  .5%  of  the 
school  budget  be  assigned  to  school  information  service;  two  recommend  .  25%  of  the  budget,  etc. 

TABLE  XL 
ORGANIZATION  AND  PERSONNEL  IN  SCHOOL  SYSTEMS  CONCERNED  WITH  SCHOOL  IN- 
FORMATION SERVICE 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


1 

2 

II 

A  Person  Responsible 

for  Collecting  and 
Releasing  School  News 

A  Newt 

Commit 

Entire  Sc) 

Service 
ee  for  the 
\ool  System 

Number  oj  Cities 

Population 

Number 

Percent 

Number 

Percent 

29 

81 

140 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

4 

16 
32 

14 

20 
23 

2 
13 
14 

7 
16 
10 

All    250  Cities 

62 

28 

29 

12 

Reed  the  table  u  follows:    Of  29  school  systems  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  14%  have  a  person  responsible  for  collecting 
sod  releasing  school  news;  7%  have  a  news  service  committee  for  the  entire  school  system ;  etc. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


67 


TABLE  XII. 

HOW  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEMS  COLLECT  SCHOOL  NEWS  FOR  NEWSPAPER  PUBLI- 
CATION 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Elem- 

High 

entary 

Clerk 

Indiv- 

Indiv- 

III 

News 

Super- 

School 

School 

o) 

idual 

idual 

Eng- 

Journal- 

Direc- 

inten- 

Super- 

Prin- 

Prin- 

School 

Stu- 

Teach- 

lish 

ism 

tor 

dent 

visors 

cipal 

cipal 

Board 

dents 

ers 

Class 

Class 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Service  Rendered  Daily 

Number  Cities             Population 

29               Over  100,000 

10 

45 

10 

21 

14 

14 

7 

0 

4 

4 

81               30,000  to  100,000 

4 

38 

11 

14 

6 

12 

10 

2 

4 

4 

140               Less  than  30,000 

2 

15 

4 

13 

5 

4 

11 

0 

3 

4 

All        250  Cities 

4 

26 

7 

14 

6 

8 

10 

1 

3 

4 

Service  Rendered  Weekly 

Number  Cities            Population 

29               Over  100,000 

0 

0 

3 

7 

3 

0 

10 

7 

4 

4 

81               30,000  to  100,000 

1 

12 

2 

12 

10 

2 

9 

9 

4 

4 

140               Less  than  30,000 

1 

14 

5 

11 

11 

3 

11 

6 

12 

6 

All     250  Cities 

.4 

12 

4 

11 

10 

2 

10 

7 

8 

5 

Service  Rendered  Monthly 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                Over  100,000 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

81               30,000  to  100,000 

0 

2 

2 

0 

3 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

140               Less  than  30,000 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

1 

1 

0 

All     250  Cities 

0 

2 

1 

0 

1 

4 

0 

.4 

.4 

0 

Service  Rendered  Irregularly 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                Over  100,000 

0 

17 

24 

28 

28 

24 

7 

17 

7 

4 

81                30,000  to  100,000 

0 

22 

26 

32 

27 

17 

14 

15 

6 

4 

140                Less  than  30,000 

1 

53 

25 

41 

34 

26 

17 

20 

18 

4 

All     250  Cities 

1 

39 

25 

36 

31 

23 

15 

18 

13 

4 

Service  Rendered  Not  At  All 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                Over  100,000 

7 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

7 

3 

10 

10 

81                30,000  to  100,000 

6 

0 

2 

0 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

140               Less  than  30,000 

18 

1 

8 

2 

6 

9 

9 

9 

20 

15 

All     250  Cities 

13 

1 

6 

1 

4 

6 

6 

6 

13 

10 

No  Answer  Given 

Number  Cities             Population 

29               Over  100,000 

83 

38 

58 

45 

52 

62 

69 

72 

76 

79 

81               30,000  to  100,000 

89 

25 

56 

42 

53 

62 

67 

72 

84 

88 

140                Less  than  30,000 

79 

16 

58 

34 

45 

54 

51 

64 

47 

71 

All     250  Cities 

83 

21 

57 

38 

48 

58 

58 

68 

62 

78 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    Of  29  school  systems  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  10%  have  a  news  director  to  collect  school 
news;  in  45%,  the  superintendent  collects  school  news;  etc. 


68 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  XIII. 
THE  APPROVAL  AND  EDITING  OF  ALL  SCHOOL  NEWS 

BY  SUPERINTENDENT  OR  NEWS  DIRECTOR 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


rv-i 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

Fes 

No 

No  Answer 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

% 

% 

% 

29 

81 

140 

7 
28 
41 

59 
57 
46 

35 
15 
13 

All   250  Cities 

33 

51 

16 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    Of  29  school  systems  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  7%  provide  that  all  school  news  shall  be 
approved  and  edited  by  the  superintendent  or  news  directors,  etc. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


69 


TABLE  XIV. 

HOW  SCHOOL  NEWS  FOR  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICATION  IS  APPROVED  AND  EDITED  BY 

SCHOOL  SYSTEMS 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


a 

b 

c 

d 

e 

f 

g 

h 

i 

- 

Parent- 

Page  or 

School 

Elem- 

Teacher 

Depart- 

Board 

IV 

Page 

High 

entary 

School 

Associ- 

Teacher 

ment 

Meet- 

or 

Feature 

School 

School 

Ath- 

ation 

Club 

by 

ing 

Column 

Article 

Notes 

Notes 

letics 

Notes 

News 

Children 

News 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Edited  By  Principal. 

Number  Cities            Population 

29             Over  100,000 

17 

14 

24 

21 

3 

14 

3 

10 

0 

81               30,000  to  100,000 

21 

12 

32 

32 

9 

15 

3 

17 

0 

140              Less  than  30,000 

8 

10 

29 

24 

11 

12 

2 

1 

0 

An      250    Cities 

13 

11 

29 

26 

10 

13 

2 

8 

0 

Edited  By  Teacher 

Number  Cities            Population 

29             Over  100,000 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

81              30,000  to  100,000 

1 

1 

11 

3 

0 

1 

6 

0 

0 

140              Less  than  30,000 

6 

3 

6 

4 

2 

2 

11 

4 

0 

All      250    Cities 

4 

2 

7 

3 

1 

2 

9 

2 

0 

Edited  By  Athletic  Coach 

Number  Cities           Population 

29             Over  100,000 

0 

0 

0 

0 

24 

0 

0 

0 

0 

81               30,000  to  100,000 

1 

3 

3 

0 

37 

0 

0 

0 

0 

140             Less  than  30,000 

6 

4 

1 

0 

37 

0 

0 

1 

0 

All      250  Cities 

1 

3 

2 

0 

36 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Edited  By  English  or 

Journalism  Class 

Number  Cities           Population 

29             Over  100,000 

0 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

81              30,000  to  100,000 

1 

1 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

140             Less  than  30,000 

3 

3 

5 

0 

4 

0 

0 

2 

0 

All      250  Cities 

4 

2 

4 

0 

.4 

0 

0 

.4 

0 

Edited  By  Student  Editors 

Number  Cities            Population 

29             Over  100,000 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

81              30,000  to  100,000 

0 

1 

3 

0 

4 

1 

1 

0 

0 

140             Less  than  30,000 

3 

4 

9 

0 

4 

0 

0 

2 

0 

All      250  Cities 

1 

3 

6 

0 

3 

.4 

.4 

1 

0 

Edited  By  Others 

Number  Cities           Population 

29             Over  100,000 

4 

3 

0 

0 

0 

17 

10 

10 

24 

81              30,000  to  100,000 

6 

9 

6 

4 

7 

22 

15 

4 

46 

140             Less  than  30,000 

4 

5 

1 

4 

2 

20 

6 

2 

45 

All    250  Cities 

5 

6 

2 

3 

4 

20 

10 

4 

43 

No  Answer  Given 

Number  Cities           Population 

29             Over  100,000 

79 

83 

69 

79 

69 

69 

76 

79 

76 

81              30,000  to  100,000 

70 

73 

43 

62 

42 

60 

75 

79 

54 

140             Less  than  30,000 

72 

71 

49 

69 

44 

65 

81 

90 

55 

All    250  Cities 

72 

73 

50 

68 

46 

64 

78 

85 

57 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    Of  school  systems  in  29  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  17%  publish  a  School  Page  or  Column  edited 
by  the  principal;  14%  publish  feature  articles  edited  by  the  principal;  etc. 


70 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  XV. 

RELATIONS  OF  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM  WITH  LOCAL  NEWSPAPER  ORGANIZATIONS 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Definite 

Super- 

Reporters 

Paid 

Paid 

intendent 

Individual 

V 

Cover 

Teacher 

Student 

Furnishes 

Schools 

Space  in 

School 

Reporters 

Reporters 

School 

Furnish 

Newspapers 

News 

Employed 

Employed 

News 

News 

Paid  for 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Service  Rendered  Daily 

Number  Cities           Population 

29                  Over  100,000 

72 

0 

21 

24 

14 

4 

81                  30,000  to  100,000 

48 

1 

21 

20 

3 

0 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

29 

1 

9 

10 

.2 

1 

All     250  Cities 

40 

1 

14 

15 

4 

1 

Service  Rendered  Weekly 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                      Over  100,000 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

81                  30,000  to  100,000 

9 

3 

4 

4 

16 

1 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

6 

0 

3 

10 

9 

1 

All  250  Cities 

6 

1 

3 

7 

10 

1 

Service  Rendered  Monthly 

Number  Cities               Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

81                 30,000  to  100,000 

4 

0 

0 

5 

1 

0 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

1 

0 

0 

3 

0 

1 

All  250  Cities 

2 

0 

0 

3 

.4 

.4 

Service  Rendered  Irregularly 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

10 

0 

10 

48 

31 

35 

81                 30,000  to  100,000 

23 

5 

10 

58 

47 

28 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

26 

0 

6 

60 

40 

34 

All     250  Cities 

23 

2 

7 

58 

41 

32 

Service  Rendered  Not  At  All 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

0 

55 

28 

4 

10 

31 

81                 30,000  to  100,000 

4 

51 

31 

3 

12 

37 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

25 

63 

51 

4 

21 

36 

All  250  Cities 

15 

59 

42 

4 

17 

36 

No  Answer  Given 

Number  Cities            Population 

29                  Over  100,000 

17 

45 

38 

24 

45 

31 

81                 30,000  to  100,000 

12 

40 

35 

11 

21 

33 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

14 

36 

32 

13 

28 

27 

All     250  Cities 

14 

38 

34 

14 

28 

30 

Read  the  table  as  follows :    In  72%  of  29  school  systems  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  definite  reporters  are  assigned  to  cover 
school  news;  in  21%,  paid  student  reporters  are  employed;  etc. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


71 


V-8 


TABLE  XVI. 

NEWSPAPERS  HAVING  AN  EDUCATIONAL  EDITOR 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


Number  of  Cities 

Population 

Yes 

No 

No  Answer 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

% 

% 

% 

29 

81 

140 

21 
9 
3 

52 
75 
85 

28 
16 
12 

All    250  Cities 

7 

78 

15 

Read  the  table  as  follows:     In  21  %  of  29  cities  with  a  population  of  100,000  and  over,  at  least  one  newspaper  has  an  educa- 
tional editor,  etc. 


72 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  XVII. 

DEPARTMENTS  IN  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS  DEVOTED  TO  SCHOOL  NEWS 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


a 

b 

c 

d 

e 

f 

g 

h 

i 

i 

Parent- 

Fea- 

Ele- 

Teacher 

Board 

Teach- 

Page or 

V 

ture 

High 

mentary 

School 

Associ- 

Meet- 

ers 

Depart- 

School 

School 

Arti- 

School 

School 

Ath- 

ation 

ing 

Club 

ment  by 

Page 

Column 

cles 

Notes 

Notes 

letics 

Notes 

News 

News 

Children 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Appearing  Daily 

Number  Cities              Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

7 

3 

14 

24 

10 

31 

10 

14 

7 

7 

81                 30,000  to  100,000 

0 

6 

11 

23 

4 

27 

6 

0 

0 

3 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

1 

4 

4 

16 

6 

20 

1 

3 

1 

0 

All    250  Cities 

1 

4 

7 

19 

6 

24 

4 

3 

1 

2 

Appearing  Weeklt 

Number  Cities              Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

21 

7 

3 

7 

14 

0 

14 

24 

3 

17 

81                  30,000  to  100,000 

14 

12 

5 

12 

19 

12 

9 

10 

0 

14 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

7 

12 

6 

16 

9 

8 

5 

6 

0 

3 

All   250  Cities 

11 

12 

4 

14 

13 

8 

7 

9 

.4 

8 

Appearing  Monthly 

Number  Cities            Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

17 

3 

0 

81                 30,000  to  100,000 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

6 

48 

10 

0 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

19 

39 

6 

1 

All  250  Cities 

0 

0 

.4 

.4 

0 

.4 

13 

40 

7 

.8 

Appearing  irregularly 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

3 

10 

45 

28 

21 

28 

24 

17 

31 

7 

81              30,000  to  100,000 

3 

6 

46 

33 

26 

35 

46 

21 

40 

10 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

4 

11 

48 

34 

38 

41 

30 

26 

26 

9 

All  250  Cities 

3 

9 

47 

33 

32 

37 

35 

23 

31 

9 

Appearing  Not  At  All 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

10 

81                 30,000  to  100,000 

10 

7 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

16 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

24 

16 

4 

4 

6 

2 

5 

2 

14 

26 

All  250  Cities 

17 

12 

2 

2 

4 

1 

3 

1 

8 

21 

No  Answer  Given 

Number  Cities             Population 

29                 Over  100,000 

62 

79 

38 

41 

55 

41 

45 

28 

55 

59 

81                 30,000  to  100,000 

74 

68 

38 

31 

51 

25 

32 

21 

49 

58 

140                 Less  than  30,000 

66 

57 

39 

29 

41 

29 

40 

24 

54 

61 

All  250  Cities 

68 

63 

38 

31 

46 

29 

38 

24 

53 

60 

This  table  is  read  the  same  as  Table  IV. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


73 


TABLE  XVIII. 
THE  ATTITUDE  OF  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS  TOWARD  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEMS 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 
VI-4 


Superintendents 

Number  of 

Superintendents 

Reporting 

Number 

of  Daily 

Papers 

Reported 

On 

Active 
Support 

Friendly 
Coopera- 
tion 

Lack  of 
Inter- 
est 

Unfavor- 
able 
Attitude 

Hostile 
Atti- 
tude 

Number  of 
Superin- 
tendents 

Not 
Answering 

Cities  of 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

22 

72 

125 

53 
202 
372 

43 
38 
38 

40 
43 

44 

2 
12 
10 

6 
5 

5 

9 
2 
3 

7 

9 

15 

All  250  Cities 

219 

627 

39 

43 

10 

5 

3 

31 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    22  superintendents  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over  reported  that  of  53  daily  papers  with  which 
they  had  had  experience  43%  gave  active  support  to  the  school  system;  40%,  friendly  cooperation;  etc. 


TABLE  XIX. 
DISCUSSION  OF  SCHOOL  MATTERS  IN  THE  EDITORIALS  OF  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


Frequently 

Occasionally 

Seldom 

Never 

No  Answer 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

29 

81 

140 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  100,000 
Less  than  30,000 

31 
19 

24 

41 
43 
79 

3 

7 
22 

3 

7 
15 
12 

All      250  Cities 

21 

54 

12 

1 

12 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    31%  of  the  newspapers  in  29  cities  of  100,000  and  over  discuss  school  matters  in  editorials 
frequently;  41%,  occasionally;  etc. 


74 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  XX. 

THE  FREQUENCY  WITH  WHICH  CERTAIN  UNITS  OF  A  CONTINUOUS  CAMPAIGN  HAVE 
BEEN  CARRIED  ON  IN  THE  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS 

FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  250  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


In  29  Cities  of 

In  81  Cities  of 

In  140  Cities  of 

100,000  and 

30,000  to 

Less  than 

In  All 

VI-5 

Over 

100,000 

30,000 

250  Cities 

Subject 

Number  of  Times 

Number  of  Times 

Number  of  Times 

Number  of  Times 

of  the  Campaign 

Reported 

Reported 

Reported 

Reported 

Number 

Per  cent 

Number 

Per  cent 

Number 

Per  cent 

Number 

Per  cent 

Attendance 

5 

17 

25 

31 

38 

27 

68 

27 

Health 

11 

38 

39 

48 

62 

44 

112 

45 

Better  Salaries 

12 

41 

46 

57 

58 

41 

116 

46 

Buildings 

12 

41 

55 

68 

74 

53 

141 

56 

Parent- Teacher  Association 

3 

10 

19 

23 

25 

18 

47 

19 

Playground 

2 

7 

20 

25 

36 

26 

58 

23 

Thrift 

9 

31 

30 

37 

48 

34 

87 

35 

Go  to  College 

0 

0 

7 

9 

11 

8 

18 

7 

Illiteracy 

6 

21 

15 

19 

20 

14 

41 

16 

School  Week 

7 

24 

27 

33 

44 

31 

78 

31 

What  the  School  Is  Doing 

6 

21 

17 

21 

36 

26 

59 

24 

Recruiting  of  Teachers 

2 

7 

4 

5 

5 

4 

11 

4 

Americanization 

9 

31 

30 

37 

34 

24 

73 

29 

Night  School 

11 

38 

43 

53 

45 

32 

99 

40 

Go  to  High  School 

7 

24 

19 

23 

28 

20 

54 

22 

Safety  First 

13 

45 

29 

36 

20 

14 

62 

25 

Bond  Issue 

6 

21 

37 

46 

62 

44 

105 

42 

Patriotism 

4 

14 

7 

9 

15 

11 

26 

10 

Know  Your  City 

5 

17 

10 

12 

7 

5 

22 

9 

School  Tax 

1 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

.4 

School  Lunch 

1 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

.4 

Junior  High  School 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

Clean  Up 

0 

0 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

Courtesy 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

.4 

Good  English 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

2 

1 

City  Beautiful 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

.4 

Junior  Red  Cross 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

.4 

School  Gardens 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

.4 

No  Answer 

8 

28 

21 

26 

24 

17 

53 

21 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    In  29  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  5  superintendents,  or  17%,  reported  that  they  had  carried  on 
an  attendance  campaign  in  the  daily  newspapers;  11  superintendents,  or  38%,  a  health  campaign;  etc. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


75 


TABLE  XXI. 
THE  BEST  EDITION  OF  NEWSPAPERS  FOR  CARRYING  SCHOOL  NEWS 
FROM  THE  REPORTS  OF  64  SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  SCHOOLS 


VI-2 

Morning  Edition 

Afternoon  and 
Evening  Edition 

Sunday  Edition 

Number  of  Cities 

Population 

Ranked 
1 

Ranked 
2 

Ranked 
3 

Ranked 
1 

Ranked 
2 

Ranked 
3 

Ranked 
1 

Ranked 
2 

Ranked 
3 

12 

24 

28 

Over  100,000 
30,000  to  10,000 
Less  than  30,000 

3 
5 

4 

5 

7 
10 

4 
12 
14 

8 
10 
14 

2 
10 
10 

2 

4 
4 

1 

9 

11 

5 

7 
7 

6 

8 

10 

All  64    Cities 

12 

22 

30 

32 

22 

10 

21 

19 

24 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    Of  superintendents  in  12  cities  of  100,000  and  over,  in  which  there  were  three  newspaper  editions 
published,  3  ranked  the  morning  edition  first  in  effectiveness;  5  ranked  the  morning  edition  second;  etc. 


THE  DE9 .MOINES  REGISTER  :~"S 


"Jography"  Is  Fun  With  These  Rubber  Models 


TO  WRESTLE 
WITH  PROBLEMS 
OF65YEARSAG0 


%e  Public  Schools—From  The 
Teacher's  Viewpoint 


"Mia   h    the-  decent*    ef    a 


I    of    i»l«nirtfi    teitk  -B^llimarm 


After  Examination  is  Conclud-  — — 

«d  Superintendent  Reveals     rregular  attendance,  and'aot  tree**.  *»  **•  hardest  problem  confronting 
Their  Source       ,    t%  S»*  ■-  stteadee'ca  department  of  the  Baltimore  public  school,."       . 

'        '     W   Mabel  A.  Pttiopbjtj,  atteadaae*  ofooer,  or  "rlalllng  teacher,"  hi  the 

COMPARE  INSTRUCTION,  rwterB  district.  In  making  this  stateme-t, 

grade*  la  tha  Wtohlu,  schools  ^Uworh  of  the  attendance 
The    Eae;*    thig   morning,    they    wUtf*  W.tW  truant 
h»»e   revealed    to    them    on*    of    the  1  truant    cea    srweys^  *** 
greatest  pu  nlea  of*  lhair  youn*   llv**.'  \  i  (  I  earefuf  atudy  of  the 
It  will  be  an  explanation  of  why  they  k  made,"  said  Ma,  Panv 
hare   been      undergoing-     *      strange      "(>or    hsrdest   work 
mathematical    test    that    appears    to  )f  thoughtless  parents, 
some,  li  la  a«U.  to  have  aprung  from   h,lT 
primitive  dare.  ■  '    *    '*  ;■:        .     *  * 

It   la.   In   truth,  ma,  'oact   reproduc- 
tion  at  aa   aa*aa»Wlaiaf^al^W»|la^  _»Jbb  10  h  aj  Basia»l\ 


FLAG  ONLY  REDEEMING  THING 
ABOUT  OLD  SCHOOL  BUILDING 

Dr.  Englehardt,  Expert  in  School  Planning,   Make.  In- 
npection  of  Ea»t  Main  Street  Structure  and  C 


THE  tJNTON,   WINCHESTER,   N.  KJW1 

High  School  Wireless 


Course  Elective  Study 


glrea   pupils   of    the    ninth   grade  In 

"  ring-field,    Maaa..     schools    Jo    IMS. 

>a  papers,  together  with  eprrect  an- 

BHjawera.  wers^dlacounred  In  the  school 

^    -^ti.    Superintendent    U   at .  Mny 

— f-aaya.  tn  His  and  recently  ware 

pduced  In  ah  Kaatern  magazine. 

Mayberry  aaid  ha  baa  been  wc*v 

whethor  there*  la  touch  differ 


uildreo    to   rem i In 
tbc  moot   trivial   rem- 
Taej    do   eat.  introd 


a*»\  They  do  net  reaUae  that 
d  bsblturUy  abae  ut  soon"  knows  ha 
to  cape  arltb  tbc  other  children, 
.  aai  oeo  teavta  eebocl  altogetbar. 
bvM  co-operate." 
tides  co-operation  o* 
umphcej   said  that,  as 


USE  SEATS  GRANDPARENTS  USED 


"House"  Plan  Held  by  Some 

To  Be  Wasteful  and 

Costly. 

Detroit  high  eaboets.  with  tha  as 
•nation  al  tha  Caaa  Teehnlea 
Rich  School  and  tha  WUhlaa  High 

School  of  Ccmmiri*  have  a  peeu^ 
liar  trpa  of  organisation,  praetl 
tally  uokaoira  la  tha  Catted  BUtaa 
outside  ol  htlehlcaa.  By  aaaaaa  of 
thla  onanliatlon  tha  hl(b  achaj^i 
a>ra  aM*1aa4  lata  mvml  niooaaa" 
vhMh  ara  la  charja  of  howaa  prla- 
alM.lt 

a>aa  lareary  ta.thla  ayatarn  the 
alch  acheoli  h»*»  a  larca  adai*-' 
trattra  ataaL  II  oil  of  HI  hl*a 
aohool  taachara,  11  »  par  cant,  balnc 
anea«a4  la  advlalatratlva  w»rh 
FUty  af  thaaa  M  adralnlatmivc 
taachara  ara  hamaa  priatipala  hae 
tholt  aalai-laa  ooat  tha  alty   Jiil.tia 


.  SCHOOL  ENDS  HALF  CENTURY  OF  SERVICE 


0 


THE  SA1.T  l^AKB  TKJLr/UNK,  BATUrtOA*   MO«J 


Fashion  Frocks  and  Frills 


ONE-THIRD  OF  CANTON 
PUPILS  OPEN  ACCOUNTS 
IN  NEW  SCHOOL  BANKS 

Bojw  And  Girls  Save  Money  For  Bicycles,  For  Clothes^ 
For  Dresses,  For  Mother  And  For  College- 
Deposits  Average  Seven  Cents. 

Pnp'LU  of  tie  C&Btoa  achooia  de- ideally  all    work     jenerally     place*' 
poalterj  aa  ararana  of  eeyao   cants   apoo  the  teacher  In  •neb  Inalancea, 
aa  the  keeping    of     accounts     and 
hooka  la  done  at  the  hank. 

The  bank  to  which  the  fundi  of 


T«r  capita  or  a  total  of  |9<l.57  and, 
4.  HO  aoconnta  were  opened 
whan    the    school    banking    system 


Inject  Business  Terms  Into  Lessons 
on  Arithmetic  in  Schools  of  Akron 


bears 
atali- 


Tbe  new  ceurse  af  atvdy  In  Artth 

mctlc,  compiled  by  Superintendent 
of  Schools  Carroll  R.  Rood,  la  now 
bains;  u*ad  in  tha  alameatary  (radea 
la  Akraa  pnbtlo  acboola,  and  Is  proV- 

t  of  atudy  te  Intsndsd  to 


ln« 
The  c 


For  tha  chlldraa  In  tha  third 
rrado.  a  number  af  lamas  hare  been 
auga-eatad  to  taao)  tha  primary  num- 
ber r«c  «  and  prnc'sasa,  such  aa 
Jack  Hornar-a  Me.-  "Bounce."  "TIP 
Tat  Too.  and  I  am  Thinking." 
Uae  Business  Terme. 


Education  Factory  Runs 
Night  Shift  And  Trained 
Workers  Are  Its  Product 


Canton's  high  school  plant  runs  e 
"Bfiht  shlfl"  .  for  day  workers, 
half-time  methods  are  In  the  dle- 
eard.  <  The  city's  educations]  system 
heepa'pece,  with  modem  tndnatrlal 
practice  and   la  atrlrlng  hard  *~~ 

X  BAN  DIBOO  UNION;  SA 


school  heJI  snipended  bdslnaas  of  -KInlay  High  school  belldlnf  eerve 
teaching  until  tha  nejt  morning  on  Tseedey  aad  Tharsday  sights  w 
Tbere  was  little  thoaght  ths,t  the  beecoas  to  those-  who  would  orer- 
asma  class  rooms  might  serve  for  a  come  adverse  circumstance,  or  create 
host  of  person •  unable  for  divers.  — 
reason ■   to  obtain  an  education   do:- 

^ttuj'iTMoinnTia,  rMRUABT  sj,  isn 


M400  Pupils  From  Coronado  Invade  Air  Station; 

Inspect  Everything  in  Sight  From  All  Angles 


High  School 
Papers  To  Get 
News,oy  tVtrelejf 

Sim  •»«  hu^ta^u'f  >»• 

yth.uaiinit'iuii. 


hw  of  Hit  400  rtlldrm  ef  Hit  Coron«do  public  ickcy>l»  who  m»3«  wi  offlcltl  T«t  J» 
jrj  »lr  •Ulion  «t  North  InlMd  ThonKltj  morninj.  Voder  lt»  perwni.1  dirrtion  of  C»pt 
int.    ttnd"  tie  ptrionii  dlr«llon  ot  Upt-J.  II.  Tomb.  Ib«jr  "ImpMUd"  «r«ryUiinj  in  «l 

4nd  lb.  bi(  dlririblt.    Th«/  url«<d  in  50  •nlomoblla. 


7xun    mm 


SPECIAL  FEATURE  ARTICLES 
(This  is  material  which  the  Newspaper  is  eager  to  get) 


CHAPTER  V 

SCHOOL  NEWS  FROM  THE  NEWSPAPER  READER'S 

VIEWPOINT 

GENERAL  STATEMENTS 

If  it  were  known  just  what  effect  a  piece  of  printed  material 
would  have  upon  the  one  who  reads  it  in  a  newspaper,  the  value  of 
that  piece  of  publicity  could  be  definitely  stated. 

This  chapter  is  an  attempt  to  discover  by  experiment  which 
type  of  public  school  news  is  most  interesting  to  the  general  news- 
paper reader. 

In  brief  the  conclusions  arrived  at  are  as  follows: 

There  is  rather  close  agreement  on  the  part  of  403  readers  as  to 
the  interest  created  in  their  minds  by  ten  different  newspaper  articles 
submitted  to  them  for  judgment. 

In  general,  newspaper  readers,  without  respect  to  their  occupa- 
tion, agreed  in  their  judgments. 

However,  a  group  which  may  be  designated  as  commercial  pub- 
licity experts  did  not  agree  in  some  respects  with  the  other  occupa- 
tional groups. 

The  scale  on  newspaper  articles,  together  with  a  reproduction 
of  the  articles  which  determined  the  points  on  the  scale,  are  not  pre- 
sented as  a  device  to  measure  the  effectiveness  of  newspaper  articles 
in  general.  They  are  presented  as  an  indication  that  in  the  minds 
of  the  general  newspaper  reading  public,  there  is  an  agreement  as  to 
a  good  newspaper  article  on  school  matters  and  a  poor  one. 

MATERIAL  COLLECTED  AND  METHOD  USED 

A  large  number  of  newspaper  clippings  on  the  subject  of  the 
health  of  school  children  were  collected.  From  these  clippings 
those  were  selected  which  dealt  with  malnutrition.  By  a  statis- 
tical process  of  selection,  ten  of  these  articles  were  chosen  by  50 
judges  as  ranking  in  fairly  equal  steps  from  lowest  or  worst  to  highest 
or  best. 

These  ten  articles  were  reproduced  on  a  broadside  which  is  pre- 
sented as  Form  5,  page  82.  Six  hundred  of  these  broadsides  were 
distributed  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  to  as  many  persons  in  as 
many  different  occupational  groups  as  possible.  These  newspaper  read- 
ers were  asked  to  rank  the  articles  in  the  order  in  which  they  aroused 
"the  greatest  interest  in  the  health  of  school  children".  The  exact 
instructions  given  can  be  ascertained  from  the  "Directions"  in  form  5. 
The  following  are  the  facts  relative  to  the  replies  received. 


78 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


The  Distribution 
of  the 
Broadsides. 


1.  "Broadsides",  on  which  each  article  was  given  some  rank, 

were  received  from  403  judges. 

2.  These  judges  resided  in  35  different  states. 

3.  Of  the  judges,  162  were  women  and  241  were  men. 

4.  From  a  statement  of  occupation  reported  on  the  broadside 

by  each  judge,  they  were  divided  into  ten  occupational 
groups  as  follows: 

(a)  Public  School  Administrators. 

(b)  High  School  Principals. 

(c)  Public  School  Teachers. 

(d)  Professional  Advertising  Women. 

(e)  Housewives. 

(f)  Persons  in  Professions  other  than  Educational. 

(g)  Persons  in  Business, 
(h)  Clerical  Workers. 

(i)     Artisans  and  Laborers, 
(j)     Newspaper  Workers. 


Statistical  These  403  judges  therefore  represent  both  sexes,  a   wide  geo- 

Treatment  graphical  area  and  a  diversified  occupational  status.     They  are  fairly 

of  the  typical  of  the  general  newspaper  reading  public. 

ju  gments.  rpQ  ^g  rankings  received,  the  statistical  method  of  right  and 

wrong  cases1  was  applied,  the  theory  of  which  may  be  stated  as  fol- 
lows: Differences  that  are  equally  often  noticed  are  equal  unless  the 
differences  are  always  or  never  noticed. 

For  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  work,  the  median  ranking 
given  to  each  article  by  each  occupational  group  was  determined. 

The  median  ranking  of  each  group  is  the  middle  value  assigned 
by  each  group  to  each  article.  Half  the  judges  gave  each  article  a 
ranking  less  than  its  median  or  middle  ranking,  and  half  the  judges 
gave  the  article  a  ranking  greater  than  the  median.  In  Table  XXII, 
page  93  these  medians  are  tabulated.  A  study  of  them  shows  the 
general  agreement  of  all  groups  as  to  the  value  of  each  article.  The 
exception  is  the  advertising-women's  group,  which  differs  somewhat 
in  opinion  from  the  others. 

1  Fullerton  and  Cattel— On  the  Perception  of  Small  Differences,  pp.  12  ff. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  79 

It  was  desired  from  the  judgments  received  to  construct  a  rough 
scale  which  would  indicate  the  relative  value  of  the  articles  under 
consideration. 

The  theory  of  the  method  employed  in  deriving  the  scale  was  the 
same  as  that  employed  by  Dr.  M.  B.  Hillegas'  in  his  derivation  of  a 
scale  for  the  measurement  of  quality  in  English  composition.  It  will 
not  be  discussed  in  detail  here.  The  statistical  material  from  which 
the  scale  was  derived  is  found  in  Tables  XXIII,  XXIV,  and  XXV, 
pages  93  and  94. 

A  SCALE  OF  NEWSPAPER  ARTICLES 

It  was  evident  from  the  judgments  of  the  various  groups  that 
there  was  little  variation  as  to  the  relative  position  which  they  as- 
signed to  each  article.  Therefore,  the  judgments  of  all  the  groups 
were  brought  together  and  a  composite  ranking  obtained.  Since  the 
women  advertisers  as  a  group  differed  considerably  from  the  others, 
their  judgments  are  not  included  in  the  composite  ranking  but  pre- 
sented separately. 

A  graphic  representation  of  the  composite  judgment  is  presented 
in  Figure  I,  below.  The  newspaper  articles  which  are  repre- 
sented on  the  scale  by  the  letters  G,  F,  I,  B,  C,  are  presented  in  Fig- 
ures 2,  3,  4,  5,  and  6,  pages  83  to  87  inclusive. 

This  scale  means  that  of  the  ten  newspaper  articles  judged  by 
the  composite  group,  Article  G  gave  least  interest  in  the  health  of 
school  children,  and  Article  C  gave  the  most  interest.  Article  F  is 
1.09  units  "better"  than  Article  G;  Article  I  .88  units  better  than 
Article  F;  and  so  on.  The  articles  illustrating  this  Scale  are  found  in 
Figures  2  to  11,  inclusive. 

FIGURE  1.  A  Graphic 

A  Scale  of  Newspaper  Articles  Representation 

of  the  Scale. 


H  falls  between  F  and  I  J  falls  between  I  and  B 

E  falls  between  F  and  I  A  falls  between  I  and  B 

D  falls  between  B  and  C. 


'M.  B.  Hillegas — Scale  for  the  Measurement  of  Qualities  in  English  Composition  by  Young  People, 
pp.  14  ff. 


80  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

WHAT  THE  SCALE  MEANS 

An  Explanation  I.     Of  the  ten  newspaper  articles  printed  on  the  "broadside" 

of  the  Scale.  Article  G  is  considered  the  poorest  in  the  composite 

opinion  of  all  the  judges.  Article  C  is  considered  the 
best.  The  others  are  scattered  between,  as  indicated 
on  the  scale. 

2.  How  the  unit  of  measurement  is  determined:    Consider  two 

hypothetical  articles,  X  and  Y.  The  unit  of  measure- 
ment on  the  scale  would  be  the  difference  between  X  and 
Y  if  75%  of  the  judges  agree  that  Article  X  is  better 
than  Article  Y,  and  only  25%  consider  Article  X  worse 
than  Article  Y.  In  this  hypothetical  scale,  Article  X 
would  be  placed  exactly  one  unit  higher  than  Article  Y. 
Returning  to  the  newspaper  scale  with  this  unit  of 
difference  in  mind,  it  will  be  seen  that  in  the  composite 
judgment  there  is  a  little  more  than  one  unit's  difference 
between  Article  G  and  Article  F, — to  be  exact,  1 .09  of 
a  unit's  difference.  This  means  that  slightly  more  than 
75%  of  the  judges  considered  Article  F  better  than 
Article  G.  In  the  same  way,  slightly  less  than  75%  of 
the  judges  considered  Article  I  better  than  Article  F; 
and  so  on.  In  other  words,  the  differences  between 
Articles G  andF,  F  and  I,  I  and  B,  B  and  C,  are  nearly  the 
same;  in  each  case,  this  is  a  difference  upon  the  direc- 
tion of  which  approximately  75%  of  the  judges  agreed 
as  illustrated  above. 

3.  No  absolute  zero  point  was  determined  for  the  scale,  and 

therefore  the  scale  is  relative  not  absolute.  This 
means  that  no  absolute  value  is  assigned  to  the  articles; 
Article  G  is  not  evaluated  except  in  relation  to  the 
other  nine  articles;  it  is  worse  than  any  of  them.  In 
the  same  way,  the  position  given  to  Article  C  is  rela- 
tive,— it  is  better  than  any  one  of  the  other  nine.  It  is 
valid  to  state  that  Article  C  is  approximately  2.80  units 
better  than  F,  but  we  cannot  state  that  C  is  three  times 
or  ten  times  as  good  as  F.  In  other  words,  we  can 
state  that  one  article  is  so  many  units  better  than  an- 
other article,  but  we  cannot  use  any  times-as-good 
comparison. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  81 

Articles  A,  D,  E,  H,  and  J,  are  not  given  a  position  on  the  scale,  Articles  not 
since  it  was  desired  to  fix  only  those  points  which  came  nearest  to  Represented 
differing  one  unit  from  each  other.     The  relative  position  of  these  on  the  scale 
articles  is  as  follows :    Articles  H  and  E  both  fall  on  the  scale  between 
Articles  F  and  I.     Articles  J  and  A  both  fall  on  the  scale  between 
Articles  I  and  B.    Article  D  falls  on  the  scale  between  Articles  B  and 
C.     These  articles  are  presented  in  Figures  7,  8,  9,  10,  IS,  pages  88 
to  92  inclusive. 

In  general,  the  advertising-women's  group  ranks  the  articles  the 
same  as  the  others  with  the  following  exceptions :  Article  A  is  ranked 
by  the  women  advertisers  as  the  best  article  or  highest  on  the  scale 
in  place  of  Article  C,  as  chosen  by  the  others;  Article  C,  which  the 
others  give  the  highest  rank,  the  advertising-women's  group  places 
much  lower. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  83 

The  five  newspaper  articles  which  follow  are  the  ones  repre- 
sented on  the  scale. 

FIGURE  2. 

Newspaper  Article — G. 

Northwestern 
Club  to  Open 
Clinic  Monday 

jlIE  regular  meeting  of  the 
f|  Northwestern  Woman's 
Club  was  held  at  Dia- 
mond Temple,  Jan.  3. 

An  interpretation  of  Van  Dyke's 
"The  Other  Wise  Man,"  was  given 
by  Mrs.  Vv'irick  Shafoi;.  Mrs.  Ber- 
tha Stol|.  pianistc.  gave  the  Fnn- 
tasie  Impromptu  (Chopin).  Mrs. 
John  Maney,  accompanied  by  Mrs. 
Frederick  Covert,  sang  a  group  of 
songs  by  Burleigh.  Both  numbers 
«  ere  thoroughly-  enjoyed. 

Mrs.  B.  R.  East,  chairman  of  the 
child  welfare  committee,  introduced 
Dr.  Palmer,  of  the  board  of  educa- 
tion, who  spoke  of  the  malnutrition 
clinic'  to  be  opened  In  the  Clinton 
School,  Jan.  10,  by  the  Northwestern 
Woman's  Club  with  the  co-operation 
of  the  Visiting  Nurses'  Association 
and  the  board  of  health. 

It  is  the  Intention  of  the'cllnic  to 
give  a  substantial  noon  meal  to  a- 
group  of  50  children,  and  the  result 
uf  this  experiment  will  enable  the 
board  of  education  to  definitely  de- 
ride future  action   In   the  matter. 

Miss  Nila  Smith,  supervisor  of 
the  primary  grades  of  the  city 
schools,  spoke  from  the  standpoint 
of  the  teacher-  of  the  "project" 
method  which  is  now  being  used  In 
the   schools. 

Miss-  Elizabeth  Cleveland,  super- 
visor of  vocational,  training,  ex- 
tended an  Invitation  to  the  club  to 
visit  the  new  Teachers'  College. 

The  philanthropic  committee,  Mrs. 
Walter  Parmalee.  .chairman,  an- 
nounces an  evening  of  cards  and 
dancing  at  the  Federation  Club- 
house, Jan.  14. 

The  next  meeting  of  the  study 
class  will  bo  held  Jar.  10.  Mrs. 
■\Villard  Undeiill  will  present  a  pa- 
per, "Progress  of  Modern  Inven- 
tion." Roll  call  wil}  bo  responded 
to  by  a.  summary  <?f  "Things  we 
would    like   to   have   invented.".  — 


84  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


FIGURE  3. 
Newspaper  Article — F. 

SCHOOL  PUPILS 
IN  BERKELEY 
UNDER  WEIGHT 

BERKELEY,~Feb.  19.  —  Fifty 
Ijer  cent  of.  the  pupils  in  five  Ber- 
keley schools  visited  have  been 
found  to  beunderweight,  says  Miss 
Florence  Boddy,  superintendent  of 
health  visitors  of  the  college  city. 

The  pounds  which  are  lacking 
to  bring  the  children  up  to  normal 
vary  from  1%  to  13  H.  states  Miss 
Boddy,  the  average  being  7-35 
pounds.  Discovery  6f  tho  hsort- 
comlngs  of  the  pupils  followed 
weighing  done  by  school  nunrscs 
under  Miss  Boddy's  supervision. 

Defects  found  in  children'  in  all 
of  the  Berkeley  schools  numbered 
2452  with  the  beginning  of  school 
nurslnp  work  last  year,  says  Miss 
Boddy  Special  attention  is  being 
given  by  (he  health  visitors  to  the 
curing  of  speech  defects  and  a 
clinic  for  this  purpose  has  been 
opened  for  chUdren  of  the  ci'  ;  , 
ihe  Berkeley  dispensary- 


W 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


85 


FIGUKE  4. 
Newspaper  Article — I. 


MOTHERS'   CLUB   SUCCEEDS  IN 
IMPROVING   CHILDREN'S  HEALTH 


•"Sturdy  boys  arid  girls  In  body' as 
Wsll  in  In  mind." 

'..That  is  the-  unwritten'  slogan  of  a 
'group  of  Hamline  mothers  interested 
In  child  welfare  .wot-k  in  their  par- 
ticular community.  As  si.  result  the 
Milk  •tatto.1  at  the''  Hapcock  school 
pad  UM  recent  weighing  and  rnssiy 
isydr.g .  work'/o.rought  forth  eoms.won- 
jderfui  rtjsnlts 'in' building-  up  unex- 
j>e-.-tcd,  undernourished  children. 
,•  The  Kcrr.liiic  .Mothers'  club  activi- 
ties have  Mfbterod  around-  the.  solving; 
|of  child .  welfare  problems.^  The 
[two  chief  enterprises  so  far  have 
'been  the  continuation  and  devclop- 
'inont  of  the  .mi'k  Elation  and  the  in- 
istivllatlon  of  the  weighing  and  lne&s- 
luring  system  now  in  operation.' 

'      First'  .Meeting    in    December. 

:  The  first  •fcraVtelfaVe  meeting  was 
lield>  in  December.-  when  the  club 
heard  Miss  Lucy  CoVdinier  talk  about 
thefood  and  -habits  of  children  and 
st»«fsed  th*'  beheflts  to  be  gained 
from  (Systematic  welfMog  and  meas- 
uring.' A  spec'  J  child  welfare  meet- 
ing was  planned  for. February  In  the 
assembly  room  of  the  Hancock  school 
when  exhibit  posters  were  on  view. 
At  this  gathering  the  'health  alpha- 
bet' book  was  distributed  as  .souve- 
nirs. The  school  nurse  requested  co- 
operation of  parents  and  children. 
Dr.  E.  A.  Meyer-ding  a/id  With  one 
of  hfs  Assistants  demonstrated  opera- 
tion of.  scales  and  explained  tho  sys- 
tem. -A.I1  tho  boys  and  girls  of  the 
school  has'  now  ■  been  weighed  ,ahd 
inoaoured  and  the  club  will  again 
hear  Miss  Cordinicr.at  a  special  pi-o- 
fcrain  at  3  P.  M.  Wednesday  at  the 
school.  Mrs.  Inea  C.  Bucklin's  dra- 
matization from  ••'.Cho-Cho  and  the 
Health1  Fairy"  will  b.?  given  by  the 
liille  children  "of  the  school. 

The  Mothers'  olub  has  its  eye  on 
cfficicu."y  and  a#  rast  room  .for  the 
icao'iC"*.  With  this  in  mind  ah  enr 
Jfertainment  and  community  reception 
will  take  p!ace  at  &  P.  M.  tomorrow 
in  the  assembly  room  of  the  school.  A 
Lor.jlvliov/  anj  olden  day  .program 
with  tableaux  and  sens-,  in  costume 
lias  been  planned  by  Mrs.  M.E.  Old 


and.  Mrs.  Bucklin.  Mrs.  J.  13.  Bounds 
will  give  a  short  talk.  .  A  silv'er.offer- 
ing  'Will  be  taken  for  \tit  club's  now 
project;  that  of  a,  rest'roota  for  the 
school's  instructors..  I#tk.  M.  F.  Ernst 
■is  president  of  the  club  and  Mrs.  \V. 
W.  MeinerS  Is  secretary;  M/s..  J.  S. 
Kuglfctt  is  chairmen  of. milk  commit- 
tee: Mrs.  Sidney  Horsle.*,  child  wel- 
fare, and  Mrs.  Thomas.  P.  Beyer,  pro- 
gram. 

Opened  Last  Sprinjj. 

The  milk  'stf'tiojt  'o'peucd  .  last 
splBS.  The  a\«.- rage  daily  distribution 
was  400  bottler,  each  child  paying  'J 
cents  a  bottle.'  The  early  part  of  th's 
year  with  milk  ot  4  rents  consumption 
decreased.  After  Christmas,  'however, 
following  the  impetus  of  the  child; 
welfare  rally  with  milk,  again  at '  3 
tents  tho  distribution  reached  310  bot- 
tli;::  drily.  With  tho  peming  of  the 
weighing  and  measuring  program 
daily  distribution  rcrtehci)  ftl  bottles. 
The  Hancock  nrlk  station  is  the  only 
ore  in  the  eitv  that  has  been  self  sup- 
>)x.-rling  from  Its  bog-inning.  Mrs. 
Huggclt  with  -her-  staff  of  twenty 
rhcJpera  operate  the  station.  She  ap- 
pears every  day  and  proves  a  verita- 
ble 'house-mother  to  the  school  kid- 
■dies.  First  she  was  known  among  the 
boys  and  girls  as  the  "milk-teacher," 
".ow'she  is  the  "mill:  mother." 

The  children  are  interested  in  being 
..oiyhed  and  measured.  Mrs.  K.  A. 
Johnson  has  charge  of  the  work  and 
has  three  assistants.  The  work  has 
developed  to  such  an  extent  thaffive 
assistants  are-  kept  busy.  In  the  en- 
rollment of  S93  children  211  or  24  per 
cent  or  more  are  underweight ;  110  or 
12%  ptr  cent  are.  10  per  cent)  under- 
weight. The  7  per  cent  underweights 
will  be  weighed  each  month  and  all- 
■tho  children  will  again  be  weighed 
bofoie  school  elopes  for  the  summer 
vacation.  It  is  a  plan  of  the  mothers 
to  have  a  nutrition  class  for  tho 
number. of  underweights.  Co-o^era- 
.tiOn,of  the  principal  of  the  school. 
Mini  Edith  Taylor,  the  'teachers, 
nurses,  parents  and  children  has  made 
the  work  a  profitable  and  pleasurable 
one,  said  mothers 'yesterday.  The 
helpers  are  all  volunteers. 


86 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


FIGURE  5. 
Newspaper  Article — B. 


Large  Gains  in  Weight  and  Health 
of  Pupils  Are  Found  by  Nuritition 
Class  Worker  on  Her  Visit  to  City 


!  Miss  Mable  Skilton,  of  Roston,  nutri- 
jtipn-class  worker  witb  Dr.  AYilliam  R. 
If.  Emerson,  arrived  in  Rochester  yes- 
terday and  visited  several  nutrition 
classes.  Miss  Skilton  will  remain  in  the 
city  for  two  weeks  visiting  tbg  present 
(lasses  and  assisting  in  organizing  new- 
classes.  Dr.  Emersop  -will  come  later  to 
confer  with  nutrition  workers. 

Miss  Skilton  visited  the  class  at  Xo. 
.'!  Reboot,  of  which  Miss  Mildred  Cnmp- 
liett  and  Dr.  Miller  have  charge.  The 
gains  in  this  class  have  b.con  excellent, 
one  child  having  been  graduated.  Em- 
mett  l'eake  is  the  first  child  in  the  Itoch- 
.•ster  nutrition  classes  to  "go  over  the 
top.''  His  weight  -went  from  !>5  1-4 
pounds  to  Gl'  1-2  pounds  in  fourteen 
weeks.  Next  week  he  will  be  presented 
his  diploma  by  Dr.  Emerson  and  will 
receive  a  prize  for  being  the  first  of  the 
his  class  to  'be  graduated.  An  important 
rinding  in  ithe  class  at  No.  ">  School  is 
that  fourteen  of  twenty-one  in  the  class 
are  reported  by  their  teachers  to  have 
improved  mentally  as  well  as  physically 
The  total  number  of  pounds  ft  allied  in 
the  fourteen  weeks  is  130.  Of  those  who 
did  not  gain  it  was  discovered  that 
they  were   not   getting   to  bed   early. 

•'One  of  the  best  tricks  to  gain  is  go- 
ing to  bed  early."  said  Miss  Skilton  in 
addressing  the  class.  "Every  boy  and 
girl  in  n  nutrition  class  should  be  in  bed 

at  s:r;o." 

The  Mornit     Car~m>r   nutrition,  _elaxs. 


directed  by  Miss  I.ois  Rentage  and  Miss: 
Mildred  Warrant,  with  Dr.  Caeca niise! 
as  physician  was  next  visited.  It  was. 
found  that  a  number  of  children  had 
made  excellent  gains  and.  that  several 
were  near  graduation.  All  -  children  in 
the  class  have  given  up  tea  and  coffee 
and  many  are  drinking  milk.  The  high- 
est gain  in  the  class  was  three  pounds, 
■but  the  best  chart  in  the'  class  is  owned 
by  Joseph  Mirabella,  who  has  made  a 
steady  gain  each  week .  and  .has  a  good 
chance  of  going  over  the  top  in  'another 
week.  This  is  a  case  where  the  child 
was  more  than  10  per  cent.,  under 
height. 

Miss  Skilton  remarked  that  tne  chil- 
dren in  the  class  looked  better  and  held, 
themselves  better  than  when  they  en-| 
terd,  and  some  of  the  children  had  made 
such  a  gain  that  she  scarcely  recoguized; 
thoni.  Miss  Skilton  impressed  upon  the; 
children  that  "now  is  the  time  to  grow."i 
If  under-weight  condition  persists  it.  be- 
comes chronic  and  is  harder  to  correct; 
in  later  life.  Children  taken  in  the  early! 
years  of  life  can  gain  their  weight  much) 
mere  readily  and  once  gained,  if  no' 
physical  defects  are  present,  the  weight] 
will  not  be  lost.  Graduates  from  nutri-; 
tiou  classes,  according  to  Miss  Skilton,' 
do  not  tend,  to  lapse.  j 

Miss  Skilton  is  in  the  city  under  the! 
auspices  of  the  Tuberculosis  Association' 
of  Uochester  and  Monroe  County  and 
will  be  a  guest  at  the  Century  Club  dur- 
ing her  stay  in  Rochester. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


87 


FIGURE  6. 
Newspaper  Article — C. 


The  Public  Schpols 

What  Schools  Have  Done,  Are  Doing  and  Will  Do  for 

Buffalo. 


WASTING  LIVES 

Ye  editor   has  no   head  lor  figures  u)     But  there  are  still  many  of  our 

and'    no    inclination    to    make    figures  babies  left.     By  this  time  they  are  in 

lie.     Statistics  are  inconvenient  to  get  school,  thousands     of     them — selected 

and    dry  reading  anyway,  so  we  shall  group   that    has    survived    the   ordeals' 

dispense  with  them  and  base  our  story  of  infancy  and  early  childhood;  surely 

on   facts   that   you,  kind  reader,   have  these   shall   develop   to   strong,   sturdy 

only  to  look  around  you  to  verify.  manhood  and  womanhood.  Let  us  see. 

Here  are  a  few  of  these  facts:     (1)  A  Glimpse  of  the  Schoolroom. 

Babies  are  born  every  minute,  many  ot  (8)     Let's'look  irf  on  average  fourth 

them  well  and  strong,  many  of  them  or  fifth  or  sixth  grades— not  as  phy- 

cursed  with  a  heritage  of  disease;  for  sicians  or  nurses  but  just  as  parents 

"The  Sins  of  the  Parents  Are  Visited  with  our  eyes  open.    Five  pupils  wear- 

upon     their   children"— even      to   ■  the  ing   glasses.     Why?     That's      another 

third  and  fourth  generation."     (2)     At  story;   but  they  show  parental  atten- 

the    end   of  a    year   lilies   are   bowing  tion  and  mentally  we  give  father  a  plus 

over  a  multitude  of  little  graves  where  mark.     F've   more  frowning  or  bend- 

the  proud  faces  of  mothers  might  have  ing  over  books,  some  with  red  eyelids 

been  bending  over  little  cradles.  and    inflamed   eyes — the    frowns      are 

(3)  In  two  years  there  are  many  not  from  displeasure  nor  the  eyes  red 
more  little  mounds  in  God's  acre  and  with  anger.  It's  eye  strain.  What 
many  more  empty  hearted  mothers  in  causes  it?  Why  isn't  the  cause  re- 
our  homes.  moved   and  .the     condition   corrected? 

(4)  In  three  years  most  of  the  weak  Some  one  is  blundering  and  nhe  child 
little  voices  are  never  more  to  be  is  paying  for  the  blunder.  Over  in  the 
heard  on  earth  and,  alas!  many  of  the  corner— a  vacant  face,  parted  lips,  pale, 
strong  ones  arc  hushed,  and  you  say  round  shouldered,  a  typical  "mouth- 
"God  has  taken  them,"  "the  Lord  breather."  Why? 'Why  doesn't  some 
giveth  and  the  Lord  taketh  away."  one  throw  out  the  life-line,  to  this  child 
And  here  permit   a  passing  comment,  before  it's  too  late? 

The  Lord  gave  the  little  child.     True,  Middle  row— halfway  back— pale  llt- 

and'  the  Lord  hath  taken  it  back.  True  tic  girl,   narrow  chested,  with  dreamy 

again  but  we  are  not  so  sacriligious  as  eyes  too  bright  if  disease  has     begun, 

to  believe  that   the  Lord  was  on  "In-  too  dull  if  poor  nutrition  has  not  gone 

dian  Giver"  and  that   He  would  jeal-  loo  far.     A  candidate  for  the  open  air 

ously   or   wantonly     or   cruelly      take  clam  or  the  tuberculous  ward.     Your 

away  what    He    had   given.    Why   not  choice    now,    later   there   will    be      no 

face  the  truth  and  acknowledge     that  choice.    Why  doesn't  somebody  choose 

God   had   taken   back   the    little      soul  lif«  for  this  child? 

because   we   sacrificed   the   little  body  |Anothcr  frowning,  face,  this  time  It's 

upon  the  altar  of  sin  and  ignorance  or  evidently  discontent,     ill     temper— not 

neglect      Let  clean,     wise,   thoughtful  eyes — a  misfit  in  the  class.     He  needs 

parents   who  lose   a  little  child      take  something  to  do  that  ho  can  do — hand 

comfort    i  fthey  can,  in  the  belief  that  work,  hook  work,  that  is  practical.  He's 

God  had  use  in   heaven   for   the  little  the   opportunity  school   type,  but      he 

one-  but  there  should  be  no  such  com-  isn't  in  the  opportunity  school  because 

fort'  for   the    father     who   defiled   his  there     Isn't    enough     room    for     him. 

body   or   the   mother   who   became     a  What's  the  answer?    More  opportunity 

mother  with  no  knowledge  of  the  care  schools,  of  course,  br  one  a  good  deal 

that  the  baby  should  have.     Much  less  larger  than   that   we  now  have, 

excuse  or  comfort  should  there  be  for  A  stolid  face  in   the  back  seat     at- 

parents  who  ignorp  their  charge  or  delr  tracts  our  attention.    "Very  slow,  never 

esate  their  parental  duties  to  servants,  recites— deaf."     A     tragedy     in     five 

Cruel   material  philosophy."  Do  you  words.     The   answer:      Special     class 

t,<.y'     Not  at  all,  we  are  merely  say-  with  special  attention,  lip  reading,  deaf 


ing  again  what  science  admits  and  re- 
ligion should  admit  if  its  doesn't,  that: 

CHILD  MORTALITY  IS  THE  DIS- 
GRACE OF  THE  RACE.  It  is  a  dis- 
grace  because 

T  IS  PREVENTABLE. 

.Jut  to  resume  our  arraignment  of 
facts!  (5)  In  four  years  the  fittest 
children  of  the  fittest  parents  have 
survived;  also  some  born  weak  and 
some  who  have  had  weakness  thrust 
upon  them. 

(6)  Now  comes  the  time  w)i>.n 
childhood  runs  the  gauntlet  of  "Chil 


children  Shall  there  be  more?  It's 
up  to  you,  Mr.  Taxpayer.  By  the 
way,  how  much  is  a  child's  life  worth, 
anyway? 

Turn  to  the  Weight  Chart. 
•We  turn  to  a  chart  on  the  wall.  It's 
story  is  told  in  figures  that  do  not  lie, 
for  they  are  the  record  of  the  scale 
which  U'  an  instrument  of  precision. 
And  the  story  of  the  scale  as  recorded 
on  the  chart  Is  that  one  child  out  of 
everv  five  is  below  the  weight  that  his 
height  demands.  "What's  the  cause?" 
"Malnutrition."  "What  causes  malnu- 
trition?" Bad  food.    What's  the  result? 


dren'a  diseases."  Mumps,  measles,1  i  refer  you  to  a  medical  dictionary,  be- 
diphtheria,  whooping  cough  and  scar-  gin  almost  anywhere  and  read  both 
let  fever,  aid  the  grim  reaper  to  take    wavs. 

toll  of  our  little  ones.  For  we  have  People  of  Buffalo,  these  rather  up* 
raised  no  fortifications  against  him —  pleasant  stories  have  only  one  pur- 
have  put  no  barriers  before  him.  Like  pose.  To  enlist  you  in  an  army  that 
Indian  fatalists  our  Cry  is  "Kismet"  or  si13n  fight  intelligently  for  the  preser- 
weakly  call  upon  our  faith  instead  of   ration  and  welfare  of  our  children. 

►   -.—  ■-•  •  row  soon  shall  vou  be  ready  'or  the 

• '.'.h  crusade? 


88 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


The  five  newspaper  articles  which  follow  are  not  assigned  a 
definite  position  on  the  scale.     Their  relative  position  has  been  given. 


FIGUKE  7. 
Newspaper  Article — H. 

School  Health  Workers 
Call  5-Cent  Milk  High 

Hygiene  Committee  Chairman  Seeking  Means  To  Secure; 
Nourishment  For  .Children  At  Cheapest  Possible  Cost; 
Asks  Aid  Of  Dr.  Buckler  In  Formulating  Plan. 


The  hygiene  committee  of  the  School 
Board,  to  which  the  question  of  expend- 
ing the  milk  service  in  the  schools  was 
referred  by  the  board,  appealed  today  to 
Dr.  Warren  H.  Buckler,  director  of 
health  work  in  the  schools,  for  a  plan 
whereby  tbistould  be  accomplished.- 

Theodore  E.  Straus,  chairman  of  the 
committee,  said  there  is  a  fund  of  about 
$1,000  which  had  been  provided  for 
school  luncheons  which  might  be  avail- 
able for  such  work.  It  is  felt  that  the 
price  of  5  cents  a  half-pinf,  which  was 
quoted  by  the  Baltimore  Dairy  Council 
to  the  School  Board  in  their  offer  to  sell 
tnilk  at  that  price  to  the  schools  and  to 

pply  children  who  could  not  afford  to 

.y,  was  too  high.  In  Dr.  Henry  S. 
West's  report  to  tbo  School  Board*  out- 
lining the  present  system  of  serving  milk, 
it  was  pointed  out  that  at  School  No.  6, 
the  only  school  where  every  child  drinks 
bis  half  pint  of  milk  daily   the  children 


t 

paid  only  3  cents  a  half-pint,  and  that 
at  School  No.  39  milk  was  sold  at  4 
cents  a  half-pint.  It  is  declared  that 
the  children  be  provided  milk  at  whole- 
sale price. 

Council   Is  Interested. 

At  the  Baltimore  Dairy  Council  it 
was  stated  that  the  proposition  to  ex- 
tend the  milk  service  in  the  schools  had 
aroused  much  interest  among  the  teach- 
ers. Nineteen  schools  have  asked  for 
further  information  on  the  subject  and 
indicated  that  the  service  would  be  wel- 
comed if  the  School  Board  agreed. 

Opportunity  for  Miss  Sophia  Sejr- 
ferth,  teacher  at  the  Eastern '  High 
School,  who  complained  to  the  board 
yesterday  that  she  had  been  discrimi- 
nated against  in  the  matter'of  salary, 
to  be  examined  by  the  board's  physician, 
will  be  granted  immediately.  '  She  was 
granted  a  leave  of  absence  on  half-pay 
until  April  1,  with  the  privilege  of  re- 
turning to  her  classroom  if  able  before 
that  time. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


FIGURE  8. 
Newspaper  Article — E. 

CHILD'S  WEI&T  IMPORTANT 


Undernourished    One    Is    at    Disad- 
vantage, Herman  J.  Norton  Shows. 

"A  child  who  is  10  per  rent,  or  more 
miller  weight  cannot  he  expected  to  pro- 
p-ess as  rnpidl.v  and  'successfully  ip. 
school  ns  a  child  who  is,np'to  normal," 
said  Herman  J.  Norton,  director  Of  phy- 
sical education  of  the  Board  of  Kdnea. 
:tion.  in  ppeakiuj*  before  the  I^eaene  of 
iWomeu  Voters  at  No.  104  .West  avenue 
last  eveninjr. 

'".Nutrition  classes  have  already  heen 
testablixhed  in  some  of  the  ftnblic  school" 
and  we  hope  before  Ionjt  to  bp.  able  t" 
condue^  claswes  in  .  «ll'of  the  schools.  The 
Tcstifta  obtained  ro  fai*  have  been  re- 
imarkable.  It  is  Hurprisipjf  to  see  the 
number  of  children  who.  are  really  suf; 
ifttfosl  from  malnutrition." 

M>.  Norton  illustrated  Ids  talk  witN 
■slide*  prepared  by  Dr.  William  ,11.  1*. 
Emerson,  of  Boston,  who1  was  brought 
to  this  city:  recently  tjy  the  Tuberculosis 
Association,  and  who  started  the  classesj 
Mr.  Norton-  will  Rive  talks  to  other  orV 
citriizatious  that  desire  to.  learn  more  ■>( 
his  phase  of  health' education  work. 


90  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


x 


FIGURE  9. 
Newspaper  Article — J. 


[ 


Masten    High   School   Pupils 

Drink  Milk,  Eat  Graham 

Biscuits  Daily. 


War  has  been  declared  on  under- 
nourishment at  Masten  Park  High 
school.  Under  the  leadership  of  Mary 
Kricg.  in  charge  of  physical  training, 
more  than  100  girls,  all  underweight, 
arc  taking  the  "meal  course"  and  are 
gaining  in  avoirdupois. 

This  course  was  begun  last  fall  under 
the  direction  of  Lillian  McDonald, 
now  on  a  leave  of  absence  in  New 
York.  Last  term  103  took  the  course. 
Most  of  them  come  from  comfortable 
homes  where  they  can  eat  plenty  of 
food,  but  sometimes  they  do  not  eat 
enough  of  the  right  kind  of  food  and 
this  shows  in  their  weight  and  general 
health. 

Unlike  any  other  course  in  the  high 
school,  there  are  no  credits  or  no  home 
work  in  this.  When  a  girl  is  found 
underweight  all  that  is  required  of 
her  is  that  every  morning  at  9:45 
o'clock,  after  registering,  she  shall 
drink  a  glass  of  milk  and  eat  &  gra- 
ham biscuit. 

Department  records  show  how  bene- 
ficial this  simple  regimen  has  proved. 
Nearly  all  the  girls  both  last  term  and 
thiy.  have  gained   in  weigh!. 

Teachers  al.-»o  impress  on  the  girls 
the  necessity  of  sufficient  exercise, 
plenty  of  sleep,  the  proper  kind?  and 
quantities  of  food  and  other  matters 
"f   hygiene. 

4  'Sometimes  we  have  trouble  with 
<iirls."  said  Helen  Blaekman,  who  as- 
sists Miss  Krieg.  "Some  just  cannot 
take  milk.  But  for  the  most  part  the 
girls  are  delighted  with  fhtt  idea.  The. 
domestic  science  department,  has  v.'erJ 
helj.ful  to  us." 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


91 


J  5  MB 


FIGURE.  10 
Newspaper  Article — A. 


E 


T 


$95,000  Planned   by  School 
Board  To   Feed   Under- 
nourished Pupils. 

As  result  of  two  reports  to  the 
board  of  education,  one  showing 
that  there  arc  0,000  dangerously 
undernourished  school  children  in 
(he  city,  and  the  other  showing  that 
20  per  cent  of  the  school  children  In 
three  representative  districts  are 
undernourished,  the  school  board 
budget  Committee  Tuesday  decided 
to  ask  tentatively  for  a  $95,000  ap- 
propriation to  supplement  the  feed- 
ing of  these  children  in  a  scientific 
way  for  one  year. 

(  his     sum     about     $60,000     is 

ask  10  supply  lunches  for  3,000  of 
the  undernourished  children;  the 
rest  of  the  money  would  care  for 
the  hoard's  appropriation  for  meals 
for  the  anemic  children,  the  deaf, 
the  parental  school  and  other  regu- 
lar activities  of  past  years.  The 
$95,000  is  purely  tentative  and  will 
he  revised  when  the  complete  re- 
sults of  the  health'  survey  now  be- 
ing taken  In  the  schools  Is  made 
children  who  can  afford  to  pay  for 
the  lunches  furnished  in  the  schools 
will  be  asked  to  do  so,  Samuel  C. 
Mumford,  board    member,   said. 

20  P^U  CENT  UNDERNOURISHED. 

upplementary'  estimate  for 
feev....g  undernourished  children 
will  be  considered  in  a  week  or  10 
-lays.     A  department   of  health   sur- 

.  ey  of  the  city,  according  to  Dr. 
Henry  F.  Vaughan,  health  commis- 
sioner, showed  the  number  of  dan- 
gerously undernourished.  Mr.  Mum- 
ford  told  the  board  that  a.  survey 
made  in  three  different  types  of  dis- 
tricts showed  that  20  per  cent  of  the 
,'hildren  were  undernourished.  This 
was  true  even  among  children  of 
the  well-to-do.  He  announced  that 
all  the  children  in  the  city  would 
be  weighed  and  measured  to  de- 
termine how  widespread  the  under- 
nourishment was  and  a  thorou 
^;ng  study  would  be  made. 

r%    '.  a  joint  meeting  of  the  boai 

.cation  and  the  library  coronito- 
sion  Tuesday  it  was  decided  to  re- 
quest the  Common  Council  to  lease 
the  property  on  the  present  down- 
town library  site  for  the  purposf 
of  building  a  joint  board  of  educa- 
tion administration  building  am' 
branch  library.  The  presen'  '  ■  ■< 
expires  next  year  and  the  ■■ 
on   the   property   Is  condemn 


matte'  "'  conic  before  the  Co',--t| 
Jan.  ' 

Mr.  >,-d  pointed  out  thai    ...e 

erect lo.  the  building  would  elim- 

inate a  JiiU'QO  a  year  rent  bill  and 
that  $450,000  could  be  obtained  to- 
ward the  payment  of  the  building 
by  the  sale  of  the  board  of  educa- 
tion property  at  50  Broadway. 

BUDGET  IS  CONSIDERED. 

The  board  of  education,  meeting 
as  a  committee  of  the  whole,  began 
the  consideration  of  cm,.-  school 
budget  yesterday.  The  gross  ask- 
ings of  the  maintenance  fund  were 
$13, 253,253. 43.  Some  of  the  import- 
ant Items  going  to  make  lip  this 
sum  arb  $5,973,731  for  the  elemen- 
tary schools;  $1,931,941  for  the  high 
schools;  $309,334  for  the  intermedi- 
ate schools;  $518,004  for  special  ed- 
ucation, Including  the  crippled,  blind, 
deaf  and  anaemic  children. 

Three  new  open  air  units  to  ac- 
commodate 70  children  each  wen 
requested.  Next  year  it  Is  estimated 
that  the  board  will  Instruct  510 
anaemic  children,  120  blind,  183 
deaf  and  1.596  who  have  defective 
speech.  The  estimate  forlncorri- 
gibles  is  359  and  for.  backward 
children,  2,165. 

The  budget  showed  an  Increase  of 
7  per  cent  in  educatior".!  admin- 
istration. This  Increase  Is  due  to 
the  vocational  bureau,  the  schedule 
Increases  of  clerks,  the  employment 
of  new  clerks  to  relieve  executives 
and  additions  to  tfr*  rtaff  of  the 
psychological    clinic. 

WOULD  COACH  FOREIGNERS. 

Plans  for  the  spring  census  est,, 
mated  the  school  population  of  th« 
city  at  231,700  and  an  approprlatlor 
of  $16,000  was  provided.  In  th< 
elementary  schools  90.35G  childrer 
are  expected  to  be  enror?d;  in  thi 
high    schools,    13.667. 

Provision  is  made  lu  ...e  budge 
for  the  coaching  of  foreigners  b] 
assigninc  •!<!  coaching  teachers  fo' 
this  purpose. 

A  grow...  of  30  per  cent  wai 
shown  in  the  summer  clementars 
schools  and  members  of  the  boarc1 
declared  that  the  summer  school  ex- 
pedited progress  and  tended  to- 
-  ••'.rds  the  all  year  arr>ur,d  school. 

iiree  proposals  for  engineers 
..«!  janitors'  salaries  were  consid- 
ered, but  no  action  taken.  A  $25  in- 
crease was  granted  as  a  bonus  tc 
the  engineers  In  1919  and  1920,  anc 
the  board  committee  suggested  thai 
now  as  living  conditions  were  more 
normal,  the  engineers'  salaries 
might  be  reduced  either  $15  or  $2: 
a   month-  . 

The  board,  meeting  as  a  commit- 
tee of  the  whole,  will  continue  its 
leliberations  "Wednesday  after- 
noon.  At  that  time  or  at  the  regu- 
lar meeting  Thursday  night  th< 
building  budget  of  $5,193,000  will  b( 
considered 


Feeding   Undernourished 
^~ie  by  Women's  Clubs 

a  meeting  of  the  child  welfare 
.  artmenl  of  the  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs  this  morning  the  co- 
operation of  Frank.  Cody,  superin- 
tendent of  schools,  and  Dr.  Henry 
F.  Vaughan,  health  commissioner,  in 
the  department's  proposed  plan  for 
feeding  3.000  of  the  city's  0,00fi 
under-nourished  school  child —  n  was 
indorsed. 

"The  plan  is  not  a  new  oi.  ,o  th* 
child  ,  welfare  department,"  said 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Mortimer,  chairman 
"For  three  years  the  women's  club> 
of  this  city  have  fostered  the  Idea 
that  the  work  we  have  been  doing 
would  win  the  recognition  of  botl 
the  department  of  health  .and  the 
board  of  education. 

ASKED    CODY'S   AID.  j 

"In  a  recent  letter  to  Mr  Cody 
we  asked  co-operation  In  this  work, 
which  it  was  our.  Intention  .to  carry 
on  in  larger  proportions.  The  result 
has  been  so  beneficial  and  satisfac- 
tion of  parents  so  apparent  that  the 
federation  hoped  to  carry  Its  work 
into  every  school  of  the  city. 

"The  department,  however.  Is  not 
entirely  In  favor  of  the  plan  out- 
lined by  Dr.  Vaughan,  which  rec- 
ommends that  the  hot  meals  be 
given  free  to  these  children.  One 
of  the  alms  of  this  department' Id  to 
discourage  the  pauperizing  of  De- 
troit's citizens,  and  we  believe  that 
this  would  be  an  outgrowth  of  a 
free  lunch  plan.  Lunches  should  be 
paid  for  by  parents  who  are  able 
to  do  so  and  only  those  children 
whose  home  conditions  .*>rc  found 
unsatisfactory  by  the  visiting  nurses 
assigned  to  the  case  should  be  given 
meals  gratis." 

MRS.    NOVAK'  EXPLAINS. 

Mrs.  Charles  M.  Novak  of  the  fed- 
eration nolnted  out  -that  the  child 
welfare  department  has  been  serv- 
ing lunches  of  milk  and  crackers  for 
the  past  three  years  in  20  of  the 
city's  schools.  More  than  5.000  chil- 
dren benefited  by  this  food  which  is 
served  each  day  at  10  a.  m. 

The  monthly  reports  given  out 
this  morning  by  members  of  the 
committee  showed  that  during  the 
17  school  days  of  December,  $1,300 
had  been  paid  for  milk  and  crackers. 
Pennies  collected  from  children  able 
to  pay  amounted  to  $1,389.  The  def- 
icit was  made  up  from  the  John 
Dodge  fund  which  was  given  for 
this  work  several  months  ago.  In- 
crease in  health  and  weight  of  the 
children  partaking  of  these  lunches 
was  In  great  contrast  to  schools 
where  no  lunches  were  served' dur- 
inr  he  month,  according  to  Mr?. 
Mei>imer. 


92 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


FIGURE  11. 
Newspaper  Article — D. 


FOUND  FIVE  HUNDRED  SCHOOL 
CHILDREN  IN  NASHUA  SUFFERING 
FROM  MALNUTRITION  CAUSES 


Dr.  Wallace  of  That  City  .Gives  Important 

Address  on  Survey  Results  at  Durham 

Farm  Bureau  Meeting 


DURHAM,  Jan.  12— Over  five  hun- 
dred school  children  in  the  city  of 
Nashua  between  the  kindergarten  age 
and  the  junior  high  school  are  under1 
weight,  stated  Dr.  Arthur  "Wallace  of> 
the  Gate  City,  the  only  formal  address 
of  the  day,  on  second  day  of  the 
sixth  annual  New  Hampshire  -Farm' 
Bureau  Federation  meeting.  He  also 
said  that  similar  conditions  to  those 
in  Nashua  and '  elsewhere  are  a  meffi- 
aoe  to  the  state  and  the  nation  and 
nuKgrsted  the.  desirability  *f  -passing 
legislation  thai  will  make  i;  Impossi- 
ble for  hoys  ,ma  girls  suffering  from 
the  ina.1  nutrition  and  its  consequenc- 
es to  obtain  employment  in  factories,' 
mills  or  elsewhere. 

Hinders    Growth. 

"The  U'»  and  coffee  habit,  which 
hinders  the  rtowOi  of  the  tissues  in 
children,  is  all  too  prevalent,"  de- 
clared Dr.  Wallace  and  added,  "Over 
fif>  tk>j-  cent  of  the  children.  In  Nashua 
are  Lea   and  coffee  drinkers." 

Depleting    the slajrl  line    .-cnndiiJnnsL  __ 


discovered  when  »  survey  of  the  health 
<>f  the  children  unending  the  public 
schools  of  Nashua  was  made  Dr.  Wal- 
face  said  It  VJls  found  that  •  only  2!i 
per  cent  of  the  children  were  accus- 
tomed to  drink  milk.  "During  this  sur- 
vey," said  Dr.'  Wallace.  "It  was  dis- 
covered that  95  pupils  otit  of  248  ex- 
amined especially  to  discover  mal- 
nutrition were  underweight.  You  will 
readily  see  that  that  is  almost  40  per 
cent.'' 

Determined  to  prosecute  the  cant- 
pa  ign  of  education  and  to  try  and 
correct  the  serious  conditions  found, 
sis  well  as  secure  the  co-operation  ol 
the  parents  of -school  children,  those 
in  charge  of  the  survey .  adopted  the 
slogan,  "We  believe  that  health  is  more 
than  education  alone." 

The  results  of  the  campaign  dis- 
closed five  causes  which  'contributed  to 
the  deplorable  health  conditions  ex- 
isting among  the  Nashua  school  chil- 
dren.     These    five    causes,    declared    Dr 


(Continued    i>n_  ,Pa kv   TJire*. ) 


(Continued  from  Page  One.) 


Wallace,  werb  first,  bad  tonsib  and 
adenoids;  second,  bad  teeth;  third, 
excessive  fatig'ue;  fourth,  insufficient 
food;  fifth,  bad  habits  of  living. 
Many  defects. 
Examination  of  the  children.  Dr. 
Wallace  said,  showed  that  practically 


every  case  -manifested  such  symptoms 
as  curvature  of  the  spine,  flabby 
muscles,  stooped  bikwalrfrra  .--Mid  a 
haggered,  sober  expression.  "'-    s 

Dr.  Wallace  related  ?n  detail  bow 
the  surtrey  committee  has  boen  work- 
ing lor  the  past  year  to  eradicate-  the 
causes  of  malnutrition  discovered 
among  the  Nashua  children.  He  said 
that  a  system  of  educational  training 
to  teach  the  parents  and  the  children 
how  to  co-operate  in  eliminating  the 
deplorable  consequences  of  malnutri- 
tion has  been  inaugurated  and  this 
system  has  already  shown  much  re- 
sults. 

Actual  feeding  In  some  of  the  schools 
has  been  attempted  and  the  drinking  of 
oocoa  and  milk  In  lieu  of  the  all  too 
prevalent  use  of  tea  and  coffoe  has  been 
persistently  encouraged. 

Dr.  Wallace  intimated  that  Nashua  is 
not  the  only  community  in  which  school 
■children  are  suffering  from  malnutri- 
tion and  Its  bad  effects,  and  left  the  im- 
pression on  the  audience  that  a  similar 
carefully  conducted  survey  will  reveal 
approximately  the  same  condition  in 
Innv  urban  or  rural  community. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  XXII. 
MEDIAN  RANKINGS  GIVEN  TO  TEN  NEWSPAPER  ARTICLES  BY  TEN  GROUPS  OF  JUDGES 

Read  the  Tables  as  follows:    Of  85  School  Administrators,  one  half  placed  on  Article  A,  a  value  less  than  4.1  and  one  half 
placed  on  Article  A,  a  value  greater  than  4.1. 


III! ■        1       ■                  1        ■                          1        ■      . 

Median  Ranking  Given  to  Each  Sample 

Groups 

Number  of  Judges 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

J 

1.  School  Administrators 

85 

4.1 

3.3 

1. 

3.3 

6.6 

7.4 

10. 

6.9 

5.5 

5.3 

2.  High  School  Principals 

87 

4.1 

3.9 

1.3 

2.9 

7.6 

7.3 

9.8 

6.5 

6.7 

5.4 

3.  School  Teachers 

61 

4.4 

3. 

1.4 

3.1 

7. 

7.8 

9.7 

7.5 

5.6 

5. 

4.  Advertising  Women 

34 

1.3 

3.3 

4.3 

3.6 

5.4 

8.4 

9.8 

5.5 

6. 

5.6 

5.  Housewives 

37 

4.6 

3.7 

1.3 

3.8 

6. 

8.1 

9.8 

7.4 

5.9 

5.1 

6.  Persons  in  Professions 

34 

2.5 

4.1 

1.5 

3.4 

7.2 

8.2 

9.7 

7.5 

5.1 

5.7 

7.  Persons  in  Business 

24 

3. 

3.5 

1.4 

4.5 

7.1 

7. 

9.8 

7.5 

5.2 

5.5 

8.  Clerical  Workers 

12 

4. 

3.8 

1.4 

3.2 

6.5 

7.5 

9.7 

8.5 

3. 

5.2 

9.  Artisans  and  Laborers 

24 

4.5 

4.5 

1.5 

3.1 

6.8 

7.8 

9.2 

6.5 

4.1 

5.8 

10.  Newspapers  Workers 

5 

3.3 

5.8 

8. 

2.3 

6. 

4.3 

9.9 

5.3 

5.2 

4. 

TABLE  XXIII. 

THE  NUMBER  OF  "BETTER"  JUDGMENTS  OF  369  INDIVIDUALS  IN  RANKING  THE  TEN 

ARTICLES 


Articles 
Compared 

Articles  with  which  comparison  is  made 

F 

H 

E 

I 

J 

A 

B 

D 

C 

G 

86 

73 

60 

35 

F 

174 

239 

102 

71 

H 

208 

119 

100 

94 

E 

134 

116 

82 

I 

182 

137 

103 

J 

137 

107 

116 

A 

171 

144 

99 

B 

164 

89 

D 

100 

C 

Read  the  table  as  follows:    86  of  the  369  individuals  considered  Article  G  "better"  than  Article  F;  73  considered  Article  G 
"better"  than  Article  H;  174  considered  Article  F  "better"  than  Article  H;  etc. 


94 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


TABLE  XXIV. 
THE  NUMBER  OF  "BETTER"  JUDGMENTS  GIVEN  IN  TABLE  XXIII  REDUCED  TO  PER- 
CENTS  OF  THE  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  JUDGMENTS 
For  the  method  of  reading  this  table  see  Table  XXIII. 


Articles 
Compared 

Articles  with  which  comparison  is  made 

F 

H 

E 

I 

J 

A 

B 

D 

C 

G 

23.3 

19.3 

16.3 

9.5 

F 

47.2 

35.2 

27.6 

19.2 

H 

43.6 

32.2 

27.1 

25.4 

E 

36.3 

31.4 

15.5 

I 

49.3 

37.1 

27.9 

J 

37.1 

29. 

31.4 

A 

46.3 

39. 

26.8 

B 

44.4 

24.1 

D 

27.1 

C 

TABLE  XXV. 
THE  DIFFERENCE  BETWEEN  THE  VARIOUS  ARTICLES  IN  THE  SET  OF  TEN  DERIVED 
FROM  THE  PERCENTS  OF  ' '  BETTER"  JUDGMENTS  GIVEN  IN  TABLE  XXIV  AND  EX- 
PRESSED IN  TERMS  OF  THE  DIFFERENCE  WHICH  EXACTLY  SEVENTY-FIVE 
PERCENT  OF  THE  JUDGES  ARE  ABLE  TO  DISTINGUISH 


Articles 
Compared 

Articles  with  which  comparis 

on  is  made 

F 

H 

E 

I 

J 

A 

B 

D 

C 

G 

1.09 

1.26 

1.45 

1.95 

F 

.10 

.56 

.88 

1.29 

H 

.24 

.68 

.91 

.98 

E 

.52 

.72 

1.51 

I 

.03 

.49 

.87 

J 

.49 

.82 

.74 

A 

.14 

.41 

.92 

B 

.21 

1.05 

D 

.91 

C 

THE  8BATTLE  SUNDAY  TIMES,  SEPTEMBER  i.  1««. 


3  DEPARTMENT    OF   EDUCATION  L 


ALL  PILE  BIDS  ITS  NEW  TEACHERS  HEARTY  WELCOME  TO  ITS 

CVIC  AND  EDUCATIONAL  ORGANIZATIONS  JOIN 
U 


s 


GREETING 


OUR  NEW  TEACHERS 

— BY— 

FLORENCE  MANN. 


CITY'S  SCHOOLS 


TasV  of  Placing  Teachers  in 
84  C'^de  anJ  Six  Higher 
inslitulions  Completed  by 
Sopeii'ilendem. 

NAMES  OF  INSTRUCTORS 
ANNOUNCES  BY  COOPER 

Parent;  Given  Chance  to 
Lea  Who  Will  Handle  De- 
velopment of  Their  Chil- 
drcr  m  Various  Branches. 


,. ....  ...... 

11111 


I  7"rCJ5  HAT  doe*  Seattle  thick  of  her  new  teacher*  T 
|VW  What  do  our  new  teacher*  think  of  SeattlcT 

?J&/j  The  auawer  to  the  second  question  depend*  upon 

that  given  the  flrat. 

How  mutually  trilifyinr  the  verdict  la  likely  to  be  la  indi- 
cated by  the  itory  told  elsewhere  in  these  columns  of  the  hearty 
welcome  the  city  [a  according  it*  new  teachers. 

Drawn  from  every  part  of  the  country,  these  IRS  care- 
fully selected  men  and  women  represent  many  types  of 
ilii v.  professional  training,  and  social  experience. 

They  bring  to  Seattle  a  freah  contribution  of  great  value 
only  to  the  upbuilding  of  its  school*,  but  to  the  enrich: 
of  its  community  life. 

ATTRACTED  TO  SEATTLE. 

They  come,  these  men  and  women,  open  minded,  enthusias- 
tic, drawn  by  a  generous  belief  In  the  tale*  they  have  heard  of 
Seattle's  wonderful  possibilities  a*  a  place  in  which  to  live  and 

Two  week*  will  tee  the  member*  of  this  little  group  them- 
selves become  the  most  enthusiastic  of  press  agent*  or— the 

ffM! 

Seattle  Is  fait  making  the  latter  alternative  inposaible. 

Climate  and  scenic  beauty  have  already  laid  bold  oq  the 
stranger*.  Remain*  now  only  the  cordial  outpouring  of  • 
characteristic  Seattle  welcome  to  bind  them  in  laatlng  bond* 
of  love  and  loyalty  to  our  city. 

1*  it  worth  while  to  do  this? 

Emphatically  yea! 

Last  June  this  community  made  possible  the  addition  of 
these  new  teacher*  to  the  editing  school  corps,  when  it  autbor- 

a  tax  levy  to  provide  the  fund*  necessary  for  the 

Today,  let  the  community  ratify  that  action  by  the  open- 
hearted  reception  it  give*  the  new  workers  invited  into  Ita 
school*  • 

BEST  SCHOOLS  WANTED. 

Seattle  want*  the  best  schools  In  the  country 

Let  Seattle  aw*ke.  then,  to  the  fact  that  thin 

teacher*  in  the  country. 

Let  Seattle  reatiie  that  the  beat  teacher*  must  be.  ftnt 
of  all,  fine  men  and  women,  big  in  personality,  socially  effi- 
cient, civic-minded,  vitally  a  part  of  all  that  Is  beat 
m unity  life. 

Let  Seattle,  then,  through  its  individual  good 
H*  organized  good  citixena&ip.  civic  social  and  religious, 
through  its  individual  school  people  and  its  organised  school 
group*;  best  of  all.  through  rta  Individual  fathers  and  mothers 
and  it*  groat  UNORGANIZED  fatherhood  and  motherhood,  get  I 
■quarely  behind  the  children*  schools  in  the  royal  community  ' 
welcome  given  their  new  teacher* 


ARRIVALS 

PARTIES,  AUTO 
RIDES,  SOPPER 


<wi.\'   hVeasW^asitfi  -MB 

o   t    leswjjt  *>■*!  ■    fw-i    «•■< 


Every  Possible  f  -ijo  Be 
M,ide  to  See  that  City's 
Rerently  Acquired  Instructs 
O'S  Start  Right 


Vacation  Time  1$  Ended  for 
the  Thousands  of  Young- 
sters Who  Have  Been 
Thronging  Parle  and  Beach. 


■ 

•   .'.-"'■*    V,]"",*;,  ,'.,»'.' ""\r ■• 


Attention,  New  Teachers! 

Department  of  Education 
OPEN 

Sunday.  2  to  4  P.M. 
Monday.  1 0  A.M.  to  5:30  P.M. 

AFTER  SCHOOL  REGULARLY- 
FOR  ALL  TEACHERS 


Selects  Teachers  for 
Schools  Outside  City 

Assistant  County  Superintendent  Gives  Out  List 

of  Assignments  of  Instructors 

in  Rural  Districts. 


■n 


A  SCHOOL  PAGE  FROM  A  CITY  WITH  A  SCHOOL  NEWS  PROGRAM 


CHAPTER  VI 

A  PROGRAM  FOR  SCHOOL  INFORMATION  SERVICE 
IN  THE  DAILY  NEWSPAPER 

The  suggestions  set  forth  in  this  chapter  are  general.  School 
administrators  will  find  that  the  size  of  their  system,  the  attitude  of 
the  newspapers,  the  policy  of  the  board  of  education,  and  many  other 
factors  enter  into  any  school  publicity  program. 

TWO  KINDS  OF  SCHOOL  PUBLICITY 

First  of  all  a  distinction  should  be  made  between  two  kinds  of 
school  publicity. 

1.  Special  purpose  publicity  carried  on  for  the  purpose  of 

achieving  some  immediate  end.  Bond  issue  campaigns, 
teachers'  salaries  campaigns,  and  the  like. 

2.  Continuous  informational  news  service.     By  this  is  meant 

the  constant  publication  of  informational  material 
about  the  school  system.  This  service  has  two  pur- 
poses :  (a)  The  discharge  of  the  obligation,  on  the  part 
of  those  responsible  for  the  public  school  system,  to 
render  a  report  of  its  activities;  (b)  The  creating  of 
"good  will"  on  the  part  of  the  community's  citizens  in 
order  that  their  support  of  and  cooperation  with  the 
public  school  system  may  be  based  upon  full  informa- 
tion. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  study  to  deal  with  special  purpose 
publicity.  It  has  been  mentioned  as  one  type  which  school  systems 
at  times  must  use.  It  is  the  type  which  is  most  commonly  thought  of 
in  connection  with  public  schools.  Considerable  study  has  been 
given  to  this  kind  of  publicity,  and  the  facts  are  available.1  Figures 
12  and  22,  pages  98  and  118  show  examples  of  newspaper  publicity  for 
special  purposes. 

The  suggestions  in  this  chapter  deal  entirely  with  continuous 
school  news  service. 

THE  ORGANIZATION 

School  news  service  should  be  carefully  organized.  It  should  be 
recognized  as  an  important  function  of  the  public  school  system. 
The  same  care  that  is  used  in  organizing  any  other  administrative 
division  should  be  used  in  organizing  news  service.     Haphazard  or 

•Alexander  and  Theisen — Publicity  Campaigns  for  Better  School  Support. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  97 


accidental  news  preparation  and  publication  will  not  accomplish  the  A  Program 
results  desired.     There  are  two  types  of  organization.  for  School 


News. 


1.  A  Centralized  Organization: 

This  type  is  a  division  of  the  administration  of  the  school  sys- 
tem. It  heads  up  in  the  office  of  the  superintendent  of 
schools.     It  may  be  directed  in  various  ways. 

(a)  By  a  news  or  publicity  director  whose  duties  consist  in 

the  preparation,  manufacture,  and  distribution  of 
all  printed  material  used  by  the  school  system. 
School  news  service  in  the  press  will  be  one  of  the 
duties  which  he  directs. 

(b)  By  the  superintendent  of  schools  who  may  direct  this 

activity  as  one  of  his  administrative  duties. 

(c)  By   some   other  administrative  officer, — an   assistant 

superintendent,  a  supervisor,  the  clerk  of  the  school 
board,  etc.,  who  may  be  assigned  the  direction  of 
school  news  service  in  addition  to  other  duties. 

(d)  By  some  principal,  special  instructor,  or  teacher,  whose 
other  duties  are  so  arranged  as  to  allow  time  for 
the  direction  of  school  news  service. 

This  director  of  news  service  should  probably  have  an  advisory 
board  or  cabinet,  representative  of  the  administration  and  of  the 
teaching  staff.  It  is  possible  that  the  children,  patrons  and  organiza- 
tions closely  allied  to  the  school  system  should  be  represented  in  this 
advisory  body. 

2.  A  Representative  Organization: 

This  type  of  organization  will  be  headed  up  by  a  School  News 
Committee.  This  committee  may  be  made  up  in  various 
ways.  It  may  represent  the  various  departments  of  the 
school  system,  such  as  Elementary  Education,  Vocational 
Education,  etc.  It  may  represent  the  various  schools  in 
the  system.  The  local  school  situation  will  determine  best 
how  it  should  be  made  up.  Such  an  organization  gives  to 
the  teaching  staff  an  opportunity  to  share  in  one  of  the  ad- 
ministrative responsibilities  of  the  school  system. 

In  this  representative  news  committee,  the  administrative 
department,  the  teaching  staff,  and  possibly  the  student 
body  and  patrons  of  the  school  system,  should  be  repre- 
sented. 


FAf.H  EiUHTHh* 


THB  AWI7QNA  DAILY  WAX 


HIGH  SCHOOL  BOND  ELECTION 


TUCSON.   ^RT?OVA.  M'\n.\V  MORVIViV  APfitl  ff.  mt 


HIGH  SCHOOL  BOND  ELECTION 


THE,  ROAD  TO  SUCCESS 

Leads  Through  the  Door  of  Education 


"We  Build   | 

Is  the  motto  of  the 


Kiwams  club  and 
in  the  flection  next 
Tuesday  they  are 
showing  this  spirit 
of  progressiveness 
for  the  betterment 
of  Tucson  and  the 
following  members 
have  assisted  in 
making  possible! 
this  special  page 
appeal  to  the  voters' 
of  Tucson  to  go  out 
and  vote. 

People's  Fuel  & 

Feed  Co. 

Page  Furniture 
Co. 

W.J.Corbett 
Hardware  Co. 

Fleishman  Drug 
Co. 

Ford  Garage 

Frank  Curley 

George  Kitts 

GoodfeDows 
Grotto 

Missouri  State  Life 
Insurance  Co. 

Ralph  Gunst,  Gen. 
Agent 

Congress  Hotel 

Pereira  Studio 


Every 

Voter 

Must 

Vote 

is  the  hearty  ap- 
peal to  every  voter 
in  Tucson  by  the 
following  automo- 
bile men: 

J.  Breck  Richard- 
i   son 

Daross  Auto  Top 
Ok 

Borderland  Service 
Station 

Miller  Storage 

Battery  Co. 


WILL- 


Babbitt  Bros. 
Franklin  Motor  Co. 

Mc Arthur  Bros. 


Auto  Equipment 

On 

Tucson  Auto  Sup- 
ply Co. 


0PIWT1MTY  KNOCK  AT  THE  DOORS  OF  TUCSON  AND  FIND  HER  UNPREPARED? 
WILL  ADVANTAGE  BE  DENIED? 

A  VOTE  FOR  THE  HIGH  SCHOOL  BONDS 
A  VOTE  FOR  THE  "KIDDIES" 

AND  THE  FUTURE  PROSPERITY  OF  TUCSON. 

Tucson  tax-payers  will  be  asked  to  approve  a  $750,000  bond  issue  at  a  special  election 
next  Tuesday.  The  money  is  wanted  to  erect  a  new  high  school  building  here.  There  is 
some  opposition  from  certain  groups  who  put  money  before  human  values,  who  fail  to 
see  that  better  schools  mean  better  future  citizens.  It  is  therefore  vitally  essential  that 
every  voter  in  Tucson  who  favors  the  New  High  School  Building  should  cast  a  vote  next 
Tuesday,  April  19th. 

Is  a  New  High  School  Actually  Needed  Here? 

Without  a  doubt  The  present  building  is  overcrowded.  You  can  get  first  hand  infor- 
mation on  this  by  a  visit  to  the  high  school  building.  The  class  rooms  are  crowded,  so 
crowded  that  good  school  work  is  impossible.  The  present  building  is  not  modern.  It  is 
ten  years  behind  Tucson  of  today.  The  school  has  no  gymnasium  and  the  library  is  too 
small.  The  present  crowded  conditions  at  the  High  School  are  a  discredit  to  a  such  a  pro- 
gressive city  as  Tucson.  Glance  at  these  enrollment  figures  if  you  still  doubt  the  need 
for  the  new  school.  In  1912  the  high  school  attendance  was  202. 
IN  1917  IT  WAS  322  STUDENTS.  IN  1919-20  IT  WAS  537  STUDENTS. 

IN  191S-19  IT  WAS  414  STUDENTS.  IN  1920-21  IT  WAS  744  STUDENTS. 

The  gain  in  enrollment  has  been  very  rapid  during  the  last  few  years.  It  is  logical  that 
it  will  continue.  Tucson  is  growing  more  rapidly  every  year  and  her  schools  are  keeping 
pace  in  attendance. 

They  Should  Keep  Pace  in  Progress  too 

The  school  board  wants  to  build  a  high  school  that  will  take  care  of  1500  students. 
That  goal  will  be  reached  in  a  few  years.  The  school  will  be  modem  in  every  respect  It 
will  be  a  pride  to  the  mothers  and  fathers  and  a  credit  to  Tucson.  The  boys  and  girls  will 
get  all  the  benefits. 

Tucson  can't  turn  back.  It  is  at  the  cross  roads  of  progress  now.  A  victory  for  the  school 
bonds  will  put  it  in  the  ranks  of  the  progressive  communities  of  the  Southwest  Every 
civic  organization  in  the  city  has  endorsed  the  high  school  bonds  However,  votes  and  not 
endorsements  win  elections. 

Consider  the  appeal  in  this  page,  investigate  the  proposition  carefully  and  fairly  and 
you  will  be  convinced  that  you  should  vote  for  the  bonds  like  your  neighbor  will.  Then 
go  to  the  polls  Tuesday  and  let  the  world  know  that  you  want  the  very  best  schools  pos- 
sible for  the  boys  and  girls  of  Tucson. 


Business 
Men 

Who  realize  the  ur- 
gent need  of  the 
Boys  and  Girls. 

Arizona  Ice  Cream 
&  Candy  Co. 

Mr.  Hazel  ton 

Rose  Real  Estate 
Co. 

Chocolate  Shop 

Club  Pool  Hall 

Tucson  Steam 
Laundry 

Palace  of  Sweets 

Hartley  Cleaning 
Works 

The  Yillaescusa  Co. 

A.  L  Sterns  D.C 

Pima  Hay  and 
Grain  Co. 

Dooley  Street 


A  SPECIAL  PURPOSE  DISPLAY  ADVERTISEMENT.    AN  EXAMPLE  OF  COOPERATION 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  99 

THE  FINANCING  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS  SERVICE 

In  most  cases,  the  financing  of  school  publicity  is  a  matter  for  A  Program 
school  board  consideration.     So  far   as    newspaper   service   is   con-  for  School 
cerned,  it  is  probable  that  little  financial  backing  is  necessary.     If  News. 
school  news  is  of  the  right  sort,  the  newspapers  will,  in  most  cases, 
gladly  print  it  at  no  cost  to  the  system.     Where  funds  are  necessary 
to  carry  on  publicity  activities,  they  must  be  secured  from  a  school 
board  which  has  been  convinced  that  the  expenditure   is  justified, 
or  they  must  be  secured  from  individuals  or  organizations  interested 
in  this  kind  of  school  activity. 

THE  COLLECTION  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS 

The  organization  of  this  part  of  the  publicity  process  will  vary 
greatly. 

i.     Units  for  News  Collection: 

Some  of  the   units   possible   for   the    collection   of   the    news 
material  are  as  follows: 

(a)  The  whole  school  system,  with  news  collectors  assigned 

to  pick  up  news  wherever  and  whenever  found. 

(b)  The  various  administrative  divisions,  with  one  news 

collector  responsible  for  covering  all  news  that 
deals  with  the  Buildings  and  Grounds  Department, 
the  Department  of  Research,  etc. 

(c)  The  various  teaching  divisions  into  which  the  system 

is  divided,  with  collectors  responsible  for  news  re- 
lating to  Kindergarten  Education,  High  School 
Education,  Vocational  Education,  Athletics,  Stu- 
dent Activities,  and  the  like. 

(d)  The  individual  schools  or  buildings,  with  one  collector 

responsible  for  all  news  material  relating  to  the 
activities  of  any  one  school  or  building. 

2.     The  News  Collectors: 

These  are  the  school  system's  reporters.     They  can   be  se- 
lected from  the  following: 

A  news  director.  Individual  students. 

Superintendent  of  schools.  Individual  teachers. 

Clerk  of  the  school  board.  English  classes. 

Supervisors.  Journalism  classes. 
Principals. 


Sunday.  March  6. 1921 


THE  GREAT  FALLS  TRIBUWH 


Music  Training  Recognized  in  Great  Falls  Schools  as  Aid 
in  Development  of  Alertness,  Initiative  and  Precision 


A  SCHOOL  PAGE  DEALING  ENTIRELY  WITH  ONE  SUBJECT 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  101 

The  type  of  organization  will  determine  to  some  degree  which  A  Program 

of  these  agencies  shall  be  used.     Facts  presented  in  pre-  for  School 

vious  chapters  show  that  students  are  to  a  considerable  News. 
extent  being  utilized  for  this  purpose. 

3.    The  Editing  and  Approving  of  News  Collected: 

School  news  for  newspaper  publication  should  be  edited.  It 
will  be  edited  by  the  newspaper.  It  should  be  edited  by 
some  one  in  the  publicity  organization  of  the  school  sys- 
tem. Such  skilled  editing  will  save  labor  and  trouble  for 
the  newspaper  and,  more  important  still,  it  will  make  for 
less  of  error  and  mis-statement.  News  copy  prepared  by 
school  systems  and  printed  in  the  newspaper  is  evidence 
of  the  lack  of  proper  editing  based  on  a  knowledge  of 
good  newspaper  style.  The  type  of  organization  for 
handling  school  news  will  to  some  extent  determine  the 
method  of  editing.  If  the  organization  is  highly  central- 
ized, the  editing  will  necessarily  be  done  by  some  central 
agency.  If  the  organization  is  more  representative,  the 
responsibility  of  editing  school  news  will  probably  be 
scattered  among  various  persons.  At  the  present  time, 
the  editing  of  school  news  is  done  by  the  following: 

News  director. 

Superintendent  of  schools. 

Principals. 

Teachers. 

Athletic  coach. 

English  or  journalism  classes. 

Student  editors. 

In  many  cases,  the  only  editing  which  school  news  re- 
ceives is  done  by  the  newspaper  organization.  Some 
school  people  reporting  on  this  subject  expressed  an  opin- 
ion that  in  some  cases  the  editing  of  news  in  the  school 
system,  especially  by  a  central  authority,  might  become 
censorship  and  that  anything  resembling  this  would  be 
contrary  to  democratic  ideals.  This  point  is  undoubtedly 
worthy  of  thought.  It  should  be  possible,  however,  to 
give  to  news  prepared  within  the  school  system  the  benefit 
of  editing  without  subjecting  it  to  the  evils  of  censorship. 
Much  harm  has  been  done  to  the  cause  of  public  school 
education  by  the  unedited  newspaper  productions  of  irre- 
sponsible correspondents. 


.  .  . 


FRIDAY,   FEBRUARY  18,  1921. 


SPO 


NEWS  OF  THE  SCHOOLS 


GRADE  SCHOOL  CHILDREN 
WILL  HONOR  WASHINGTON 


Ask  Improvements  at  Gran 


• 


Half -Hour  Programs  Will 
Bo  the  Rule  in  Spokane 
Next  Monday. 


their    view*    of   Washington    *r.i   41s- 
cui  bis  Ufa. 

PMrtalt*  fMp. 

At  th*  Irvine    school    th*    various 

grsd.i     will     hold     rs.rci-f*     la     their 
"  'rooms.     Patriotic  songs  will  be  glres 

tb*   IWk  MrtbJar  ■■■1-    »»  n-:   ef  ih*  pnpK 


The  Public  Schools 


-<■-"-■ 


VwsWS-T  *f  Hmtir  WashlBftsw..  s-plU 
•f   ■*■*»■■■    .saile  seb**l> 


Pupil*  at  tr,.   wiiiimw  school  will 
hold   fitting   rsereisea   In    their   room*  ' 
lion  day     morning.        Recitation*     and 
W-bI.hf    Mirmu     U     their    r.sding*  will  b«  Included  la  th*  pro- 

tammmm    -*    — '•^— .*—    r™,   gM    stod.nl    bod,    of    th. 
He.  of   th*   pt»tT*»  win   bo    Roosevelt   school   will   hold   exercise*  | 


I  of  both  WiUUiio.  *.,! 
**■—■—    Use*!*.  » 

At  Um  Washington  school,  named 
tm  honor  of  the  atataamaa.  aaparai* 
program*  will  ba  given  to  th.  dir- 
foroat  schoolrooms.  Thcao  will  la- 
clad*  general  discussion  of  tba  Ufa 
and  hlatory  of  Washington. 

Tba  pupils  of  tb*  8tev*na  achool 
h*»*   arranged   a   10-mlaut*  program 


acboot   auditorium, 
itlng  program  ba*  b«*a  afr 
Aa    AJnarl 


ba  gt»*  aby  t 
bob  school.  I 
soma  appropr' 
Th*  **venit 
tb*  Ed.eoa  *-i 
ercie**  la  out 
whil*  tb*  le*i 


What  Schools  Have  Done,  Are 
Doing  and  Will  Do  for  Buffalo 

[SPECIAL  SATURDAY  "NEWS"   FEATURE  "| 

THOUSANDS  of  mop,  women  and  children  do  net  know  how  our 
Public  School!  haw  becom*   th*   "Gateway   to   Opportunity." 
.   »*«-  adult*  aa  W«U  as  youth— th*  NEWS  will  tell  thai)*. 
The  Tradaa.  Industry,  Comm«r-*,    the    Professions,    the   Hearts, 
ere  all  vitally  interested — how  much    they    do     not    reaJlte —  THE 
NEWS  will  show  them. 

Picture*,  letter*  and  snappy  special   article*   will   tell   the  etory 
to  busy   readers  at  a  glance. 

That   r»id*    of    our    city    should  be  Its  schools— read  and  grow 
prouc". 


The  Public  Schools 

What  Schools  Have  Done,  Are  Doing  and  Will  Do  for 
Buffalo. 


DEPARTMENT 
Of  EDUCATION 

FLORENCE  MAW.  Director. 


SEME  PUPILS 


AFTERNOON    MOTHER'S  CLASSES. 


SUPPJSJLnlll 

Carl  E.  Croson  TeHs  Direc- 
tors Group  of  Business 
Men  Thinks  Action  Should- 
Be  Taken  to  Cut  Expenses. 


The  Svhool  column  of  tbo  EVENING 
NEWS  baa  Informed  lta  readers  of 
various  phase*  ot  adult  education  thai 
are  going  on  In  Buffalo  in  charge  of 
(he  Extension  department  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  There  Is  one  op- 
portunity, however,  not  previously  ex- 
I  plained  to  NEWS  readers  which  is 
!  bringing  a  privilege  Into  the  Uvea  of 
a  lot  of  Buffalo  women.  We  refer  to 
the  Mothers'  ctaese*  which  have  been 
organized  in  19  different  tenters,  meet- 
ing afternoons  in  public  school  build- 
ings. When  w*  say  mothers  we  mean 
Just  that.  Italian  mothers.  Hungarian 
mother*.  Polish  mothers  and  Just  plain 
American  mother*,  who  have  to  meet 
the  thousand  and  one  problems  which 
devolve  upon  all  mothers. 

The  preparation  of  suitable  cloth- 
ing Is  always  one  of  the  biggest  prob- 
lems. That  la  the  one  that  these 
classes)  are  primarily  dealgned  to 
meet.  However,  In  th*  case  of  the 
-bom   mother  there  la  also  the 


for  the  new  baby  to  working  over  an 
old  coat  Into  one  for  a  ten-year-old 
child.  If  you  are  philanthroplcally 
mtnded  send  some  bf  your  old  clothe* 
to  one  .of  the  missions  mentioned 
above.  They  may  be  a  Godsend  to 
some  poor  woman  who  cither  has  two 
or  three  babies  or  is  expecting  one. 
,    A  Way  to   Happin*,*. 

Here  la  a  typical  caae:  airs.  Blank, 
with  a  baby  a  year  and  a  naif  old 
in  her  .arm*  and  a  little  toddler  at 
her  kneea  we  find  in  leara  because  not 
one  garment  is  ready  for  the  little  vis- 
itor aoon  expected.  '  The  School  de-1 
partment  had  no  funds  with  which  to? 
buy  material,  but  they  have  many  good, 
friends  and  soon  thla  woman's  tsars, 
were  turned  to  smiles. 

There  are  many  auch  women.  Why 
not  provide  for  one  or  mor*  youreelfJ 
and  know  how  good  It  feel*  to  have1 
been  of   service  to  a  fellow   woman. 

In  other  claasea  the  problem  Is  a 


HOMEWORK 

<ContlnMcoM 
Last    week    we    threw   a   few   bricks 
at  a  sacred  American  Institution  known 
among    school    folks   and    parents      aa 
•HOMEWORK."  *»*w"w       « 

.  We  haven't  aa  yet  been  arrested  aa 
'Red";  neither  have  wa  been 
crowned  with  laurel  and  hailed  a  ban- 
efaclor  Not  a  ripple  in  the  placid  pool 
of  tradition,  or.  perhaps  we  might  bet-' 
tc-r  say,  the  granite  rock  of  habit.     In- 


As  to  the  teacher— SHE  bad  to  do 
ft  and  she  takes  it  for  granted  bar 
her  pupils  should  do  it;  much  aa 
the  Chinese  worship  their  ancestors  or 
bow  down  .to  Joss,  so  the  teachers) 
worship   at    the  shrine   of  homework. 

It's  easier  to  assign  a  lesson  to  ba 
learned  than  to  teach  It — a  mistaken 
idea  if  the  homework  is  presented  to 
her  by  the  pupil  In  written  form  re- 
quiring inspection  and  correction.  Few 
teachcrs,  however,  are  actus  tad  by 
any  desire-to  save  themselves.  Often 
•he^/too.  burn  the  midnight  oil,  weary 


The  Public  Schools 


What  Schools  H»ve  Done,  Are  Doing  and  Will  Do  for 
Buffiuo. 


METHODS  USED  IN  OTHER 
CITIES  TO  BE  STUDIED 


Suggestion  Is  Made  That 
Waste  of  Material  Would 
Be  Eliminated  if  Young- 
sters Had  to  Meet  Cost. 


yjARMXO  tbM  *  mo..mcai   |,  eo 

foot  lo  ,«m»nd  tba  obolltto.  of 

fro.   uvt   book,   ond   fro,   .Utloncrv 

*■«  iup*i,e.  now  furrl.h.d  th,  II.UI 

[  if:'*      rL    tjpttfr/l    p.'.!|r    .:  h  |M  :  ,.    f„r 


What  th.  Schools  Arc  Dolus  for  Mothrrt. 


BACKBONES  ! 

Be  .calm,  dear  render',  we  are  not 
about  to  rattle-  the  skeleton.  ' 

Be  patient,  persist  and  learn  that 
bone*,  and  particularly  back-bones  are 
topics  of  absorbing  interest— at  least 
most  people  of  40  or  over  have  found 
them  so. 
At  any  rate,  be  wise,  read  and  heed, 
■r  what  your  child's  back-bone  la 
today  Is  quite  likely  to  determine  what 
he  will  be  a  few  years  later. 
'  Understand,  we  are  now  referring 
the  common  or  garden  variety  of  back- 
bone-—th*  kind  we  were  all  bora  with 
Later  w*  may  dlgraes  Into  a  discus- 
sion of  the  "back-bone"  which  some 
ill-natured  Individuals  Intimate  are 
replaced  by  "wish -bona*";  but.  for  the 
mosoent.  we  are  literal — as  tba  poet 
hath  It — we  .  sing  of  bonea  and  the 
child. 

Tor  the  benefit  of  those  who  have 
forgotten  their  anaioray  or  never  knew 
tl— Just  k  word  by  way  of  background 
to  show  that  the  back-bone  la  the 
most  useful  and  the  roost  wonderful 
collection  of  bonea  In  th*  human  ma- 
chine. '       _.  ■ 

i A,  .»*t  of  Physiology.  . 
Picture  a"-  trlpty.  curving  '  column 
mad*  up  of  M  thick.  Irregular,  flat- 
tened discs  of  bone,  each  disc  with  a 
-round- ■  opening,  through*.  It  wttb 
[toovcs  on  either  aide — each  disc  Dt- 
ing  its  neighbor  exactly,  -so  that  tb* 
•entral  openings-  form  a  perfectly 
smooth  spinal  canal,  while  to*  little 
groove*  form ,  openings  In  pair*  along 
tb*  sides.  ' 

Now  perceive  the  Utile  pads  of  elas- 
tic cartilage  between  the  bones.    Shock    organ, 
absorper*     if     you      please.       Guards       Time's   up, 
against  friction  as  well.  press. 

Now  sot*  th*  tough   bands  or  lis*.-        Parents, 


hsx  poor  little  back  to- the  right.  Tbo 
iltli*  pade  again  get  V  shaped  with 
the  V  pointing  to  the  right  and  finally 
*<*>*  so.  Nina  has  right  curvature — 
with  life-long  backache.  Poor  Nina — 
ahe  Is  ono  of  many  little  mothers  who 
pay  the  penalty. 

Jim  Jones  la  getting  "round  shoul- 
dered" because  ha  hasn't  gumption 
enough  to  sit  up  or  atand  up.  H* 
may  be  sick,  but  he  has  the  reputa- 
tion Of  being  lary.  He  slouches  when 
he  stands,  when  he  alts  and  when  ha 
walks.  His  back  always  looks  like- 
this.)  His  little  pads  between  the 
bone*  of  his  back  win  gel  tired  after 
a  while  and  he  will  be  a  bow-back 
with  no  such  good  excuse '  as  Peter 
Corbono.-  * 

Bill  Smith  I*  Always  leaning  on  hr* 
bow.     He's  due  for  a  lateral  curva- 
ture pretty  aoon,   if  he   doesn't  watch 

Margaret   B— —   u   a   close   student. 

•e  stoop*  over  her  desk  a  good  part 
of  the  day  and  over  bom*  work  half 
tb*  night.     It  ahe  Uvea  sh*  will   have 

i i  honor  mark  and  a  crooked  back. 

Crooked  backs,  especially  side  curv- 
ature, do  more  than  deform.  Listen 
again!  Remember  the  branch  nerves 
that  come  out  through  the  little  side 
openings  between  the  bones?  Welt 
what  happens,  do  you  suppose,  when 
th*  bone*  are  tipped  sideways  and 
stay  that  wayT  Simply  this— th*  two 
bones  form  s  pair  of  pincers  and  pinch 
the  nerve.  Then  the  nerve  U  more  or 
loss  out  of  business.  Then  there  Is 
trouble.  The  organ  which  the  nerve 
supplies  cant  wire  the  chief  for  sup- 
plies— and    the   chief   cannot    wire   the, 

the   bell   rings   to  gw.jto 

tret     busy— ootfl    If    ] 


Ktsak 

Dtr*et, 
est     tl 

th*     SB 

■auk. 
handle 


,v,-.  ;.i 


GARFIELD  PUPILS  WORKING  HARD  AT  ARITHMETIC  TEST. 


—  -Ail! 


SCHOOL  NOTES 


'mm 


Physteal  Train ts*. 
Mtea    Mart*    Franola.    *up*m*ei 

physical  training  In  Bpokan*  school », 
[will  talk  of  the  work  In  hap  depart- 
ment at  a  par  ant- teacher  meeting  ai 
th*  Rockwood  school  next   Friday. 


\ 


I    Bf*T*k*    t*   -»•<*. 


I  I  Chlldraa  of  th*  Roo**v*lt  *ch«ol 
will  havs  a  new  lesson  la  phvalelogy 
nest  Tuesday,  aeoording  to  Uts*  L*n* 
Witt,  th*  principal  of  th*  school.  A 
moving  picture  showing  th*  circu- 
lation of  th*  blood  will  *•  shews, 

II 


j'r?        Mi**  Marina  Uoan 


i  Rra.de  cits*  at  the  Garfield  acbool  Ukintf  a  Courtis  Standard  practice  test  in  aril  fane  Lir. 


glMEASMlfflS 


GRADE  SCHOOL 

GRADS  SEE  FILMS 


WU1  INITIATE 
NEW  AUDITORIUM 


Stientific  Methods  .Are 
Used  to  Osuge  Students 
•at  the  Oirfi&ld. 


Theater  parti**  hav*  feaan  gives  •  Plea*  are  being  made  for  an  •*•• 
dsrlag  the  w**k  ht  Itonor  of  gradual- 'Urtalnmsat  t*  b*  given  at  th*  open. 
iW'tnasksgaatf  tb.  .variola  graats  ^^  tm&mu!lStmZb 
■rt  ■  III     .  '.i*t.  BrixclMl  of  tbo  oobooL 

tfombor,  of  tbo  »A  (Um  oi  in.  Mo.       .-,*,  o,dliortun  will   o.  mdf  for 

THE  8CHOOL  COLUMN  OR  NOTES 


BANCROFT  PUPILS 
SEE  FAIRBANKS  IN 
MOTION  PICTURES 


sing.      Proceed*    of    th*    plot' 
go  I*  th*  athletic  fund  of  th*  school. 
Tb*   flfm   wa*   show*    " 


j  Teacher*  of  th.  Washington  *cho.I 
-nrvrlsed  Mi*.  Margar.l  McOrath 
newly  appoint**  principal  of  the 
•cho.l,  with  a  luneh*ea  at  th.  school 

,  Wednesday    peon. 

{  <«-r    «si*. 

ruplla  of   tin    Adam*   school    h-lg   a 

candy  *al*  la  the  echoo]  building  to- 

fday  i«  rala*   fuada  t*  buy  a  m.mnrva] 

j  for  the  school     Th*  candy  *al*  la  on, 

;,ef  a  aariea   being  held   at  lb.  school. 

tw— i*  n eaag   rash.  '  ■) 

Psplla  at  the  (a  class  st  the  AVll- 
•  on  school  bald  a  candy  sale  Weds**. 
day  aft.raooa  in  th.  school  building 
Tb*  sewoMds  of  th*  sal*  war.  |1T.- 
I  which  will  g*  tsward  buying  a' 
r.   roamorlai    fw   tb*  aeho.L 

►ft.       .  ***)er    fa*    )'U,ir**,i 

...  j  A  eaiet.Tl*  lunch  wa*  ,|»,„  , ^.^ 
1U  day  at  th.  Press  lis,  school.  Tb*  »,-, 
oL   ce^*  of  th*   l.r.eh    wtll   g*   UwaM^T 


f  tb*  schooL  •."-•  *>  ■».  isu.cn  wtll  g*  tsward  a 
ta  pvplU  of  P'arfr.uad  road  being  raise*  by  iW 
rt*rt)**n  sad  s«h*^  "'JCa?. 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  103 

THE  DELIVERY  OF  SCHOOL  NEWS 

Provision  should  be  made  in  any  school  news  organization  for  the  A  Program 
delivery  of  school  news.     One  of  the  most    common  criticisms  of  for  School 
editors  is  in  relation  to  this  matter  of  delivery.     The  guiding  prin-  News. 
ciple  is,  that  the  value  of  school  news,  to  a  very  great  extent,  depends 
upon  its  timeliness.     Therefore,  an  efficient  school  news  service  will 
provide  for  the  prompt  delivery  of  all  news  as  soon  after  its  happen- 
ing as  possible.     Some  newspaper  editors  state  that  all  news  should 
be  collected  in  some  central  office,  that  it  may  all  be  available  to  the 
newspapers.     Again  the  type  of  organization    will    determine  the 
method  of  delivery.     It  can  be  assembled  promptly  and  delivered  by 
one  central  agency,  or  each  division  or  school  can  be  held  respon- 
sible for  the  direct  delivery  to  the  newspaper  organization. 

However  it  may  be  collected  the  all  important  element  of  time- 
liness which  is  the  chief  characteristic  of  daily  newspaper  articles 
must  be  observed. 

RELATIONS  OF  THE  SCHOOL  NEWS  ORGANIZATION  WITH  THE  NEWS- 
PAPER ORGANIZATION 

i.     Personal  Relations. 

School  news  in  the  daily  newspaper  cannotbe  carried  on  success- 
fully without  the  cooperation  of  the  newspaper  organi- 
zation. Therefore  one  of  the  first  essentials  in  any  pub- 
licity program  is  the  sympathetic  cooperation  of  school 
and  newspaper.  This  should  be  based  upon  friendly  rela- 
tions and  a  mutual  understanding  of  the  problems  of  each. 
The  personal  touch  is  necessary.  This  personal  friend- 
ship is  not  to  be  construed  as  a  means  of  influencing  news- 
paper organizations  or  in  any  way  attempting  to  control 
what  school  news  shall  appear  in  the  press,  but  it  is  the 
only  basis  of  a  proper  understanding  between  the  two 
institutions.  Such  relations  in  no  way  imply  "favor 
seeking".  A  newspaper  campaign  should  be  based  on  the 
belief  that  both  the  newspaper  and  the  school  system 
exist  for  service  to  the  community;  that  the  individuals 
in  charge  of  both  institutions  are  good  citizens  who  should 
meet  each  other  on  an  equal  plane  that  this  service  may  be 
the  better  performed.  School  superintendents,  editors,  i 
and  reporters  should  be  the  best  of  friends,  even  though  \ 
they  may  disagree.  Such  friendship  will  lessen  the  disa- 
greement. 

If  the  attitude  of  newspaper  men  toward  this  study  is  an 
indication  the  school  administrator  will  find  himself  met 
more  than  half  way  by  editors  in  any  effort  to  inform 
his  public  in  the  daily  press. 


The  GraiBI  The  Grais 


-NO.  178 


GRAND    RAPIDS,    M%-j'rNQ-  18° 


GRAND    RAPIDS, 


GIVE  GERIANY  MAY 


THE  TURNER  SCHOOL 


Bj   !■  DITH   ALLW  J ACOX 

Nineteenth  of  a  aeries  of  articles  Id  which  th#  public  schools  of  Grand 
Rapid*  arc  to  Tjc  MUvcyed  by  a  specially  trained  writer,  with  a  vlevOo 
ancaratlna  chance*  and  Improvement*  to  the  advantage  of  pupils,  teacher* 
parents  and  the  city.  This  artkic  conttmwg  the  survey  of  the  Turner 
school,  which   will   be   concluded    tomorrow.     Pine  school  cornea  next. 


Phillip  C.  Miller,  IMS  Scribner  ave- 
nue, N.  W-,  who  waa  recently  elected 
to  tba  school  board,  has  lived  In  the 
Turner  school  district  for  40  years.  Mrs. 
Miller  attended  school  In  the  old  build- 
in*,  when  Mrs.  Townaend  was  principal. 
Their  children  have  rone  through  Tur- 
ner. They  have  always  maintained  their 
Interest  in  the  district.  Mr.  Miller  said, 
In  part: 

"I  believe  that*  every  member  of  the 
acbool  board  should  vlalt  every  school 
in  the  system,  and  know  from  personal 
observation  and  contact  the  condition 
and  requirements  of  every  school. 
Knowledge  of  conditions  Is  the  only 
equitable  beats  from  which  to  work. 

"In  discharging  the  duties  of  the. 
office,  all  personal  feeling  should  be 
submerged,  even  If  it  calla  for  discrim- 
ination against  the  desires  of  one's  home 
district.  The  school  that  la  In  greatest 
actual  need  of  Improvement,  should  be 
the  one  to  get  it.  regardless  of  whether 
or  not  the  district  has  that  well  nigh 
omnipotent  lever  of  procurement,  which 
Is  more  material  than  spiritual,  and 
manifests  as  the  great  American  'pull.' 

"The  pupils  In  the  schoola  are  taught 
thrift.  One  of  the  numerous  addresses 
could  have  been  addressed  to  the  school 


THE  PINE  SCHOOL 


Bj  EDITH  ALLAN  JACOX 

Twenty-Second  of  a  series  of  articles  In  which  the  public  schoola  of 
Grand  Rapids  ore  to  be  surveyed  by  a  specially  trained  writer,  with  a  view  to 
sucsestlno:  changes  and  Improvements  to  the  advantage  of  pupils,  teachers, 
parents  and  the  city.  This  article  continues  the  survey  of  the  Pine  school, 
on  the  west  side. 


Taxation  Without  Representation. 

"The  school  board  has  been  divided  D  , 
eight  to  one  In  favor  of  tho  east  side,  i 
The  people  on  the  west  side  have  only  is<> 
recently  waked  up  to  the  fact  that  they  ;th< 
must  be  represented  on  th  school  board,  jou 
if  they  are  to  receive  their  share  of  con-  j,-l, 
slderatlon.  The  Ideal  school  board  should  hti 
be  composed  of  three  members  from  i 
each  ward,  which  should  Insure  a  fair  ft 
representation.  jh, 

"The  people  on  the  west  side  feel  that  y  \ 
they  need  a  high  school  In   the  north-  p 
western  part  of  the  city.    The  site  has 
been    picked  at    Harrison    park,    where  fch 
recreational    advantages   would   be   ex-  [in 
ceilent.  L 

"The  pupils  who  go  from  the  west  L  \ 
side  to  Union  high  have  a  long;  distance, ted 
to  walk,  especially  when  they  comeieei 
home  to  lunch,  as  most  of  them  do,  for  lea; 
working  people  cannot  afford  either  car>  . 
fares  or  cafeteria  service.  The  time  for  ken 
lunch  Is  very  limited.  Tho  fact  that  tor 
children  who  have  to  complete  their  |ng 
grade  school  work  at  Union  must  cross  1 
the  railroad  tracks  Is  a  source  of  worry  re 
to  the  parents.  ,  [jj„ 


Mrs.  John  Lamb,  who  ©resented  the 
'orn  petition  for  an  addition  to  Pine  street 
d  a',  school  to  the  board  of  education,  has 
lived  within  two  blooks  of  the  school 
for  30  years,  and  has  sent  five  chil- 
dren there  for  their  preliminary  edu- 
cation. She  has  two  chllden  there  at 
present,  and  lives  at  423  Pine  avenue, 
N.  W.  Following  is  Mrs,  Lamb's  state- 
ment regarding  the  school  and  Us 
needs?.. 

"Wh*n  I  presented  our  petition  to 
the  scho«t  bo«rd.  I  told  th*m  that  we 


"As  for  Turner  school.  It  is  the  clean* 


wanted  a  hew  building,  of  course,  but 
didn't  expsas,  to  get  It.  but  that  we 
did  feel  we  should  be  given  an  addi- 
tion, built  with  a  view  to  permanency. 
I  also  told  them  that  when  they  in* 
soecied  Pine  school  to  give  their  con- 
sideration (o  what  we  have  not.  rather 
than  to  what  we  have.  Our  Janitor 
keeps  our  building  in  such  good  re- 
pair that  I  tell  htm  he  is  standing  In 
the  way  of  our  getting  a  new  school. 
Sibley  school  la  even  newer  than  'our 
25-year-old  addition,  but  It  Is  In  worse 
repair. 

"We  want  a  gym  which  can,  be  used 
-as  an  auditorium.  One  night  nearly 
200  parents  tried  to  squeeze  Into  the 
kindergarten  room,  wi'h  the  result 
that  one  mother  fainted.  The  corrl- 
■*•  'TlTrtrs  were  full.  too.     The  Daren t a  like 


children  IS  blocks  twice  each  Week 
for  manual  training.  At  first  the  chil- 
dren were  only  allowed  15  minutes 
for  the  walk,  which  necessitated  cut- 
ting through  the  Sibley  street  swamp. 
One  day  a  teacher  accompanied  the 
children,  and  found  that  the  time  was 
entirely  Inadequate.  The  parents  in- 
sist that  the  children  take  a  half  hour 
to  cover  the  distance.  Children  who 
are  never  allowed  to  go  more  than 
two  or  three  blocks  away  from  home 
at  any  other  time,  must  make  the  trip 
Unaccompanied.  - 

"The  children  make  a  good  deal  of. 
complaint  about  the  school  yard,  but  ' 
of  course,  they  don't  realize  the  shab- 
biness  of  the  building.  It  coats  the, 
parents  in  the  district  a  lot  for  broken, 
windows.  We  have  asked  for  the 
high  wire  backstops,  but  never  got! 
them.  They  would  protect  the  win-1 
dows  and  keep  the  boys  oft  the  stone' 
coping  along  the  church  property i 
which  adjoins  (he  playground.  A 
church  and  school  so  close  together, 
is  not  a  good  combination.  Every 
time  there  is  a  funeral  the  children 
cannot  spend  their  recess  outdoors. 
The  condition  seems  unavoidable. 
However,  Mr.  Parker,  the  pastor.  Is 
fine  wlih  the  children-  h»  /•*-  -.!-«<» 


The  Grab)  the  Gran 


-NO.  235 


GRAND    RAPIDS.    MIH_NO   227 


5 


GRAND    RAPIDS,    MIC 


THE  PALMER  SCHOOL 

Br  EDITH  ALLAN  JACOX 
Seventr-tcrenth  of  a  aeries  of  articles  In  which  tho  public  sehooss  of 
mA  J  Grand  Rapids  are  to  be  surveyed  by  a  specially  tsaUacd  writer,  with  a  view 
**!  of  suggesting  change*  and  improvements  to  «  S  advantage  of  pupils, 
f*4 1  teachers  parents  and  the  cttr.  The  article  conctu."  the  survey  of  Palmer 
p    I  school.    It  also  concludes  the  series  for  tho  present. 


Mr*  C.  R.  Dunk.  35"  Travis  avenue. 
J*..  E..  an  ex-president  of  the  Palmer 
Patrons  association,  says  Palmer 
acbool  has  never  been  In  such  fine 
condition  as  It  la  toOty.  The  children 
are  being  oared  for  from  every  angle 
of  development — mentally,  physically, 
morally.  The  principal  Is  alert  to 
every  necessity  and  la  constructive  In 
her  policies.  The  teachers  are  sym- 
pathetic and  conscientious  and  no 
matter  what  difficulty  arises  one  has 
but  to  refer  It  jo  Mrs.  rink  and  a  sat- 
isfactory adjustment  la  always  ob- 
tained. 

Neighbors  say  that  the  children  are 
very  well  behaveO  and  helpful.  They 
are  taught  their  responsibility  to  their 
neighbors  and  ths  older  ones  prevent 
the  younger  children  from  running  on 
lawns,  or  destroying  property.  If  any- 
thing: of  the  kind  occurs  It  does  so  at 
hours  when  Palmer  school  corps  Is  not 
responsible  for  ths  conduct  of  the 
pupils. 

Ths  Mothers  club  Is  a  flourishing 
condition,  and  on*  of  the  largest  and 
most  dynamic  In  the  city.  The  under- 
nourished children  are  given  milk 
daily.  This  work  has  been  going  on 
for  the  last  four  years.  When  chil- 
dren are  up  to  weight  and  their  vltal- 
'  ity  restored,  ths  milk  diet  U  discon- 
tinued. 

Another  Thfk  With  the  Principal. 

Mm  nnk  said:  'The  health  of  the 

child/en  is  the  ch|*f  topic  of  discussion 

before  our  Mothers  club,     Feur  chap- 


ters, of  the  Health  Crusaders  In  the 
school  suffice  to  check  up  the  health 
habits   of   the   pupils  and    the   health 

conaHrtnaJn_  the  school  building. 


THE  DIAMOND  SCHOOL 


Dy  EDITH  ALLAN  JACOX 

Sixty-ninth  of  a  series  of  article*  In  which  tho  pablte,  schools  of  Grand 
Rapids  are  to  bo  surveyed  by  a  specially  trained  writer,  with  a  view  of  sug- 
gesting changes  and  Improvements  to  the  advantage  of  puplla,  teachers,  par. 
cut*  and  the  city.  The  arliclo  Ductus  tho  survey  of  IMomoud  school.  It 
Is  to  be  continued. 


PARENTS  AND  TEACHERS 


Dlamo'nd  school,  diamond  ave-  j  will  have  no  more  when  the  addition 
nue  and  Fountain  street,  according]  is  completed,  but  they  will  be  right." 
to    the    testimony    of    the    patrons.    ls[  Talk  With  the  Principal. 

'  Tn>  '  principal    then     explained 
me    length.     ■When    Congress    waa 
■gh  school.  Diamond  was  built  as  a 
-tmary  school."   she   said.   "Now   we 
ft     Those  who  read  Mrs.  Edith  Allan  Jacox's  timely  and  illuminat-    ^ve  an  addition  at  each  end  of  the 
Ming  articles  in  The  News  o«  the  various  public  schools  of  Grsndjgft!    l 
f]  Rapids  will  recall  that  she  devoted  much  attention  to  the  work  of 
the  Parent-Teacher  association.     This  organization  has  been  thor- 
oughly established  here  and  it  has  been  an  effective  force  for  good 
in  our  schools.    So  far  as  we  have  been  advised,  there  is  no  national 
organization  in  any-  other  country  which  covers  exactly  the  field  in 
\  which   the    Parent-Teacher   associations   in    the    United^  States   are 
'  active.     There  is  every  reason  why  in  our  American  communities 
there  should  be'  the  closest  co-operation  between  parents  and  school 
|  teachers."  Our  schools  are  public  in  the  fullest  sense,  and  it  is  only 
when  fathers  and  mothers  concern  themselves  with  the  work  of  the 


schools,  aiding  and  supplementing  the  efforts  of  the  teachers,  that 
the  best  results  can  be  achieved. 

Sh  Grand  Rapids,  where  we  pride  ourselves  on  doing  things  pretty 
well,  the  Parent-Teacher  associations  have  developed  rather  better 


pon  an  excellent  stone  founds- 
an.  and  baa  been  well  cared  for. 

- 1  think  we  have  as  pleasant  a  toca- 
lon  and  outlook  as  any  school  in  the 
Ity,  We  are  on  a  hill  overlooking  a 
•ide  stretch  of  "Country.  Including 
.ouseman  athleuc   field   of   six  -acres. 

here  the  Central  high  pupils  do 
nelr  training,  and  our  pupils  use  for 
lay  ground.  Our  rooms  are  all  light 
tid    airy.      Our    grounds    ars    pretty. 

hese   large  trees  were  set  out  after 

cams  to  Diamond  as  principal,  mors 
nan  20  years  ago. 

"When  our  addition  Is  completed 
or  gymnasium  will  be  larger  than 
hat  of  any  other  grade  school  In  the 
ity.  and  second  in  else  to  ths  one  at 
.eniral  high.  It  will  be  41  by  74  feet 
vnd  on*  and  a  half  itortes  high.  There 
vlll  b«  a  movJe  booth  at  the  north 
■nd  and  a  regular  stage  with  dressing 


•ooms  at   the  south  end-     At  present 

than  in  most  cities.  The  Mothers  clubs,  as  they  are  generally  known,  \m%  UB€  our  ]0mt  corridor  for  enter- 
have  been  admirably  managed.  They  have  been  kept  almost  wholly  ft"™"^  a^d'ran'ses^^oVor'Tpiay0 
free  from  cliques.  They  are  thoroughly  democratic.  Class  distinc-f  -The  upper  floor  in  the  addition  wiii 
rions.  which  .a  many  like  to  preserve,  have  been  eliminated  anu  f*  UvM 
always  the  utmost  -harmopy  has  prevailed.     That  is  the  principal, 


'Continued  on   Past   I) 


SAMPLES  OF  ARTICLES  IN  A  CONTINUOUS  CAMPAIGN 
Nearly  100  of  these  articles  were  published  in  consecutive  issues  of  tho  newspaper.    They  were  always  on  the  front  page 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  105 

2.     Professional  Relations: 

(a)  The  Distribution  of  School  News.  A  Program 

Most  cities  have  more  than  one  newspaper.  In  pro-  °r  Scfl0°l 
fessional  relations  between  the  school  system  and  "ews- 
these  newspapers,  fairness  and  impartiality  should 
be  maintained.  This  is  extremely  important. 
Some  understanding  should  be  arrived  at,  as  to  the 
fair  distribution  of  school  news  which  is  prepared 
and  given  out  by  the  school  system.  This  arrange- 
ment will  depend  upon  the  local  situation.  It 
should  be  determined  by  representatives  of  school 
system  and  all  newspapers.  Some  of  the  methods 
used  by  school  systems  to  provide  for  fair  distribu- 
tion of  news  were  discussed  in  Chapter  IV.  They 
are  for  convenience  listed  briefly  below. 

(i)  All  newspapers  are  entitled  to  news  of  the 
public  school.  Each  newspaper  has 
its  own  body  of  readers  who  are  citi- 
zens of  the  community  and  patrons  of 
the  public  school  system.  The  stand- 
ing or  character  of  a  newspaper  should 
not  determine  whether  school  news 
should  be  furnished. 

(2)  Send  duplicate  copy  of  all  news  to  each 
newspaper. 

(5)  Where  all  papers  issue  a  Sunday  edition 
save  the  big  stories  for  this  edition. 

(4)  If  desired,  alternate  news  between  news- 

papers. 

(5)  If  desired,   separate  the  school  news  day 

into   the   respective   fields   which   the 
newspapers  cover. 

(b)  Independent  Securing  of  News  by  the  Newspapers. 

A  certain  amount  of  school  news  will  be  secured  and 
printed  independently  of  the  school  news  organiza- 
tion. The  attitude  of  the  school  system  in  this 
matter  should  be  to  assist  in  every  possible  way  the 
newspaper  which  initiates  a  school  news  story. 
Don't  suppress  or  cover  up  anything.  If  the 
proper  personal  relations  have  been  established, 


IO00L 

STU01T 

8POQTS 


The  Boys  and  Giels'Nesi 


Copyright  1S20,  Awcl.tw)   Editor.  Th«  Blagert  Little  P»P«r  In  th.  World 


Material  Furnished  Today  By  8-B  Grade  of  John  C.  Frem 


"ON  AND  ON" 
"Behind  him  lay  tho  gray  Azores; 
Behind   the   gates   or   Hercules. 
Before   him     not     the-     ghost   of 

shores,  "— 

Before  him  only  shoreless  seas. 

^    Behind    me  lay    a    stretch    of 


The  school   children   of   Long   Beach   are   to   be   given 
actual  newspaper  experience  in  writing  for  The  Daily  Tcle- 

gram"  * 

They  are  to  provide  the  "copy"  for  the  Boys*  and  Girls" 

Telegram,  a  daily  feature  of  this  newspaper  which  has  been 
read  with  interest  by  an  ever  increasing  number  of  young- 
sters since  its  initial  appearance  some  weeks  ago. 

Material  for  the  Boys*  and  Girls'  Telegram  will  be  pre- 
pared from  now  on  by  pupils  in  the  various  grammar  schools. 
D-:w.:^.l,    »nA    teachers   have   agreed    with   The  Tele- 
H0M9    ^  educational  value  in   connection 
WOPH    'ork  'n  ^nsli*r».   and  arrangements 
—^  AV,    iy   pupils   in    the   several    grammar 
-^~TT-~  turns  in  providing  material  for  the 
Edited  fay  John  H.  Millar    he   children's   little    "write   ups"    or 

Material  Published  Today  Fcr°'c^  J*  fe—fc  n*  &— J  Jfail  falh— I  i*™  Vnnah  Cm  m  the  .^n^«,  themselves, 

1  504OOL         <*r>  <v\  ^  %T  HOM8 


TAKING    A    DARE 
"I  dare  you  to  go  to  the  school 

end  turn  out  the  lights  in  the  base- 
ment where  they  are  voting!"ex- 
clalmed  my  chum's  "brother.  Tow 
■was  more  than  I  expected  when  I 
j-,f  van  tor  something  exciting  to  do, 

5CWOOL 

ST\JCPr 

6POCT3 


AN  EXCITING  JUMP 
It  was  about  midnight  when  we 
returned  from  the  theater  and  my 
■ister  and  I.  not  being  very 
sleepy,  decided  to  read  awhile. 
Very  «oon  I  smelled  sickening 
emokft__2JUJ_Jumplng    up.    opened 


SCHOOL  CHILDREN  WRITE 

FOR  DAILY  TELEGRAM 


The  Bots  and  GikisMewspaper 


Copyrlsht  1S20,  Associated  Editor,         Th«  Biggest  Little  Paper  In  th.  World 


WJEXI WEK 

To  Write  the  Material  for  t,he 
Boys'  and  Girls'  Paper 


SPOPT3 


TheBotsandGirlsNewspaper  *?£ 


v  Copyright  1920,  Associated   Editor*  The  Biggest  Little  Paper  In  the  World 


PUML 

Edited  by  John   H.  Millar 


Material  Published  Today  Is  Furnished  By  Pupils  of  Lincoln  School,  Long  Beach 

n 


LINCOLN  PUPILS  END 
WEEK  OF  WRITING  FOR 

THE1ELEMI  TODAY 

Carroll  Park  Children  to  Do 
This  Work  Next  Week 


BOYS'  ID  GIRLS' 


"OiJ  rolk  and  young  are  watching 
\  with  keen  Interest  the  daily  contri- 
butions  of   grammar   school    pupils 

tin.   Ijwt     P^»~».     f~     ■!«    "P-„„>     y„A 


ROBIN    HOOD 

Robin  Hood  was  an  outlaw  who 
lived  In  the  Sherwood  forest  with 
his  merry  band  of  followers.  He 
wore  Lincoln  green  and  was 
armed  With  a  bow  and  arrow, 
roaming  the  forests  over,  robbing 
the  rich  and  giving  It  to  the  poor. 
Thus  .he  spent  Ills  lire.  I  like 
Robin  Hood  because  he  was  bold 
of   heart. 

MARGUERITE  TURTLK.  5B. 

MY  GARDEN 


HENRY  SA.BI1N  School's  Tribune 

I 


SNOW  BALLING. 


Stories  by  High  School  Students 

''■■■■" 

Twenty-sixth  of  a  Series  of  .Articles  in  The  News  Contest  to 
Develop  Writers  Among  the  Boys  and  Girls  of  Grand  Rapids. 


ttrr^ygp  SPORTS, 
la,  11,  6-A. 


FoUowtnt;  are  the  artick-s  chosen  by  tho  editor  from  among  those  sub- 
led  during  the  past  week  hy  tho  high  school  students  In  The  News 
uiost.  Thia  Is  the  twenty-sixth  acnes  of  articles  odcctedL  OthctU  win  bo 
tfhmod  on  successive  Saturday**. 


Much  Ado  About  a  Bug 


By  ROBERT  TOOT 
Grade  9-2,    Lnion   Hlfrb  School 


country  road.  Now  and  -then  we 
passed  over  culverts  with  brooks  of 
clear,  sparkling  water  flowing  through 
them.  Birds  and  bugs  of  all  descrip- 
tions  were    flying   In    Ihf   air. 


Stories  by  High  School  Students 

Twenty-seventh  of  a  Series  of  Articles  in  The  News  Contest  to 
Develop  Writers  Among  the  Boys  and  Girls  of  Grand  Rapids. 


t  all  through  the  town 
B  whirling  down, 
is  covered  with  pure  white, 
through  the  long  night. 
•n  came  at  last, 
i  the  snow  drifted  fast, 
ley  all  reached  the  hill, 
uas  "fit  to  kill." 
couldn't  be  beat, 
for  the  feet, 
lewly  greased  boot — 
"chute  the  chute." 
their  shiis  at  the  slides, 
the  old  bob  rides, 
hes  all  cold  and  wet, 
■g  and  just  what  you'll  get. 
%t  so  sore  and  hoarse, 
imer  time,  of  course. 


COASTING. 


Following  arc  the  articles  chosen  by  the  editor  from  smong  those  sub- 
mlttrd  during  the  past  week  by  tho  high  school  students  lu  The  News  con- 
test. This  Is  the  twenty-seventh  series  of  articles  selected.  Others  will  be! 
pabUshcd    on    successive  Saturdays, 


My  First  Swimming  Lesson 

By  BORIS   KENT 
Grade  11- J  Sou'b  High  School 


oon    be   rem* 


High  School  Contest 
Will  End  Next  Week 


that   deficiency    would 
•died. 

As  I  tripped  gaily  down  the  beach, 
wearing  a  nice  new  bathing  suit  which 
I   disliked   terribly  to  get   wet,   I   plc- 
'  red  myself  as  the  winner  of  swind- 
ling meets,  carrying  home  beautiful 
ophles,     and     rescuing     unfortunate 
1  venturers.    Of  course  swimming  was 
isy.     It  didn't  look  at  all  difficult.  It 
as  all  In  knowing  what   to  do.     To 
.y  that  was  soon  disillusioned  would 
i  listing  It   mildly. 
Bob,  my  brother,  and  wnuld-be-In- 
Victor,  was  already  in  the  water  and 
hen     b»    *aw  -m«.     lis  called    out, 


The  literary  contest  among  the  high 
school  students,  which  The  News  has 
been    conducting    sine*    early    In    the 

1   year,   will   end   next   Saturday,   Hurrr  up;  ths  wat»j  la  Tins — not  a 


'  21.     The  teachers  have  requested    It   cord." 


It  be  brought  to  an  sad,  as  few 


late  1«  the  school  yt^r. 

Nest  week  will  see  the  twenty-ninth 
series  of  weekly  contests,  which  havs   rew   It  bsclu     Nor  "eld.   Indeed  I 
areas**  so  Much  Interest.     The  r*o*  \**  Just    Ilk*   ice    water!      Neveuhe 
b*tw**a  the  schools  for  th*  honor  or 
win  sing  grst  pla"«*  is  egtssmely  close. 
r.11    particulars    will    ' 


file  taking  the  trouble  tp  Inform  me 


are    being    written    this'  >*t  the  water  wis  warm,  warned  me. 


gingerly  let  a  fraction  of  my  small 
to*  touch-  th*  water  and   quickly 


determined    to    learn 
wilt,  and  I  woclln'i  have  Bob  think 
was  a  quitter,   «n.  after  summoning 


THE  SNOWMAN. 

BT   HELEN    BRlOOS.    SB. 

Mildred  mod  I  love  to  make  a 
snowman  In  the  yard.  It  la  so 
much  fun.  * 

I  awoko  one  morning  and  saw 
everything  covered  with  beau- 
tiful anow. 

I  was  so  happy  aa  It  was  not 
vory  cold  and  Just  the  day  for 
making  a  snowman.  We  put  on 
our  gloves,  coats,  and  stocking- 
caps.  Then  the  fun  began.  We 
made  a  snowball  with  our 
hands,  then  rolled  It  on  tho 
ground  until  It  was  as  large  aa 
we  wanted  It  for  the  body.  Next 
we  made  a  smaller  ball  for  a 
head.  We  used  two  sticks  for 
arms,  and  coal  for  the  mouth. 

Our  snowman  was  done  and 
wo  wore  ready  for  our  supper. 


BY  MARJORIB  CLARK.  4-A. 


THE  SNOW. 

BY    MARJORIB    CLARK.    A- A. 

Nothing   Is   quite   so  clean   and 

white 
As   the   snow   when   It   tails   at 

night.  -^ 

And  oh,  what  fun  to  jump  from 

bed. 
Put   on   your   clothes   and    get 

your    sled. 
Boots,    and    mittens,    caps,    and 

all. 
We  don't  care  If  we  do  have  a 

fall 
Into  that  fluffy,  feathery  fleece. 
Soft    aa   down    from    grandpa's 

geese. 

THE  SNOW  FLAKES 

BT    AI.K  i: .  MURPHT.    I-  A. 

See   the    pretty   snow    flakes! 

Flying  In  the  air. 
Beautiful   little  snow  flakes. 

Whirling  everywhere. 

CAGED  LIONS. 


WINTER. 


BT    MILDRED   BCBUBT.    II.   SB. 

Winter!  Winter!  cold  and  gray. 
Have  yon  come  with  as  to  stay? 
If  you're  kind  and  mild  you  may 
But  If  cold  and  bleak,  please  go 

away. 
For  we  love  to  run  and  play 
All    thought   the   live   long    day. 
We  wish  to  skate  o'er  river  and 

lake, 
Tp  ri*1*  *"***   -1**'1*    «adU 


DEPARTMENTS  IN  A  DAILY  NEWSPAPER  CONTRIBUTED  BY  SCHOOL  CHILDREN 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  107 

the  newspaper  organization  and  the  school  news  A  Program 
service  staff  will  determine  together  whether  it  is  for  School 
for  the  interests  of  the  community  and  the  school  News 
to  publish  certain  school  news.     This  does  not  imply 
"censorship"  or  "control"  of  news  channels.     It 
does  imply  cooperative  good  citizenship  on  the  part 
of  school  and  press.     Some  school  authorities  be- 
lieve that  all  school  news  should  be  secured  and 
prepared  independently  by  newspapers. 

(c)     Professional  Assistance  by  Newspaper  Organization. 

It  is  the  business  of  the  newspaper  staff  to  know  how  to 
secure,  prepare,  and  present  news  to  the  public. 
The  school  news  service  organization  should  take 
advantage  of  this  skill.  Advice  from  editors,  in- 
struction by  skilled  reporters,  any  assistance  which 
can  be  secured,  will  make  the  school  publicity  ser- 
vice the  more  effective.  It  may  be  that  the  news- 
papers should  be  represented  in  the  school  sys- 
tem's organization. 

WHAT  SCHOOL  NEWS  SHALL  BE  PRESENTED? 

i.     Subject  Matter. 

Distinguish  between  news  and  propaganda.        * 

Omit  personal  exploitation. 

Don't  forget  that  it  is  the  unusual  that  makes  news. 

Routine  is  not  news. 

Play  up  the  "human"  element  in  news. 

2.     Types  of  School  News. 

This  matter  will  require  the  careful  consideration  of  the  school 
news  service  organization.  It  will,  of  course,  have  to  be 
determined  finally  by  the  decision  of  the  newspaper  organ- 
ization as  to  the  types  of  school  news  which  it  wishes  to 
publish.  Below,  the  different  possible  types  and  depart- 
ments will  be  briefly  discussed.  Such  of  these  as  seem 
desirable  can  be  selected  to  make  up  the  year's  publicity 
program. 

(a)     News  as  such: 

From  a  consideration  of  the  opinion  of  news- 
paper editors,  it  is  evident  that  this  is  the 


H 

I— I 

g 
O 

o 


i 


N 

o 

a 

< 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  109 

type  of  school  news  which  the  newspaper  is  A  Program 
most  anxious  to  secure.  It  must  contain  for  School 
the  elements  of  news,  namely,  general  inter-  News. 
est,  timeliness,  the  unusual.  It  must  con- 
tain the  elements  of  newspaper  style,  a 
statement  of  facts,  simplicity,  conciseness, 
with  the  gist  of  the  story  in  the  first  para- 
graph or  'lead'.  To  some  extent,  the  hap- 
pening of  events  will  determine  the  publica- 
tion of  this  type  of  news,  but,  when  skill  in 
discovering  and  emphasizing  the  news 
"story"  is  acquired,  many  a  subject  which 
is  now  treated  as  propaganda  or  discussion 
can  much  more  successfully  accomplish  its 
end  as  "news".  School  "news  as  such" 
will  compete  with  other  news.  Its  position 
will  depend  upon  the  elements  in  it  which 
determine  the  position  of  all  news  in  the 
paper.  This  type  of  school  news  should 
more  and  more  receive  the  emphasis.  It 
meets  with  the  especial  approval  of  editors. 
It  will  be  read  by  more  general  newspaper 
readers  than  any  other  type.  It  is  illus- 
trated in  Figure  23,  page  11. 

(b)     A  School  Page. 

It  may  be  possible  to  arrange  for  a  school  page  in 
the  newspaper.     There  are  two  kinds: 

(1)  A  page  which  is  a  miniature  news- 

paper of  the  system  dealing 
with  various  matters,  such  as 
that  shown  in  Figure  24,  page 
14. 

(2)  A  page  in  which  only  one  subject  is 

treated  at  a  time  as  shown  in 
Figure  13,  page  100. 

The  school  page  will  be  read  mostly  by  those  al- 
ready interested  in  the  school.  It  is  a  good 
medium  through  which  to  interest  and  gain 
the  cooperation  of  patrons;  it  may  serve  as 
a  means  of  creating  "esprit  de  corps" 
among  the  teaching  staff;  it  can  be  used  to 


Iter^«rr^1^1^tw;18k8fflr«^{t.  'ml 


One  of  Iowa's  Most  Widely  Known  Colleges-Grinnell 


EDUCATIONAL  PUBLICITY  DE  LUXE— THE  SUNDAY  ROTOGRAVURE  SECTION 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  111 

create  and  maintain  the  interest  of  school    A  Program 
children.     Illustrations    will    increase    the    for  School 
effectiveness  of  the  school  page.     They  will   News. 
be  worth  while,  even  if  the  school    system 
has  to  pay  for  them. 

(c)     The  School  Column. 

This  type  is  a  miniature  of  the  school  page.  It 
is  used  where  a  whole  page  is  not  available. 
Like  the  school  page,  it  is  of  two  kinds,  both 
of  which  are  illustrated  in  Figure  14,  page 
102  and  Figure  28,  page  95. 

id)     Special  School  News  Feature  Articles. 

This  type  of  school  news  is  also  in  great  favor 
with  newspaper  editors.  They  believe  it  is 
much  more  effective  than  the  fixed  types 
such  as  the  school  column.  The  news 
feature  story  permits  the  interesting  features 
of  the  school  system  to  be  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  public.  This  type  differs 
from  "news  as  such"  in  that  it  can  be 
longer;  it  can  go  into  more  detail;  it  permits 
more  use  of  illustrations.  Several  of  these 
feature  articles  are  shown  in  Figure  27, 
page  6.  Figure  15,  page  104  illustrates 
the  fact  that  school  news  does  command 
place  on  the  front  page.  The  articles  illus- 
trated were  part  of  a  series  which  ap- 
peared approximately  100  times  on  the 
front  page  of  the  newspaper.  They  were 
evidently  prepared  by  a  special  correspon- 
dent, and  cover  each  public  school  in  the  city. 

(e)     School  Notes. 

These  are  most  often  written  by  a  student  re- 
porter. High  school  notes  are  most  com- 
mon, but  elementary  school  notes  are  pub- 
lished in  some  newspapers.  As  a  usual 
thing,  they  deal  with  student  activities, 
student  personals,  and  the  social  happen- 
ings of  the  school.  In  most  instances,  they 
are  very  badly  done.  In  some  publicity 
programs  they  may  find  a  place,  but  they 
should  be  carefully  planned  and  edited,  and 
be  made  to  add  to  the  whole  program. 


Now,  My  Idea  Is  This! 

Talks  With  Thinking  Buffalonians  on  Subjects 
They  Know  Best 


BUFFALO'S  PART-TIME  SCHOOLS. 

By  WILLIAM  J.  REGAN, 
(Dtreotov  at   Balt»k>'»   Part  Time   Scbooui  i 


A  great  numy  employers  to  the  city 
are  concerned  with  the  operation  of 
that  section  of  the  educational  law  of 
the  state  relating  to  the  operation  of 
compulsory  part-time  schools. 

The  majority  of  the  14  to  18  year  old 
children,  in  fact  approximately  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  children  within  these 
aces  march  directly  from  the  school 
to  the  factorv,  rrom  the  class  room  to 
the  work  shop,  where  there  are  no 
facilities  for  continuing  their  general 
education.  The  most  of  them  are  un- 
trained industrially,  at  the  start,  and 
therefore  cannot  profit,  except  In  a 
■mall  degree,  from  the  instruction^ 
given  by  journeymen,  pieceworkers  and 
shop  foremen.  They  drift,  for  the  most 
part.  Into  de-educative  Jobs  and  then 
from  one  Job  to  another.  They  are 
timid  in  the  14  and  15  year  old  groups, 
their  morale  is  low.  they  are  i»  ">• 
most   vital,  formative    years    of    their 


the  city  and  the  state  in  the  elementar 
education  of  those  children  who  leav 
school  at  an  early  age.  It  la  good  busl 
ness  to  conserve  this  Investment  am 
to  make  it  yield  the  return  that  soclct; 
has  the  right  to  expect.  The  part-Urn 
school  is  a  means  to  this  end. 

The  functions  of  the  part-time  schoo 
therefore  become  plain.  The  gap  be 
tween  the  Idealistic  school  life  and  lh< 
practical  life  of  employment  must  b 
bridged.  The  means  of  intellectual  am 
educational  advancement  which  wer 
lost  with  the  passing  of  the  apprentice 
ship  system  must  be  replaced.  Societ; 
must  be  protected  bv  reducing  thi 
ranks  of  the  unfortunate  and  the  ignor 
anL  Further  training  in  the  funda 
mentals    of    education    must    be    giver 


From  Today's 
Contributing  Editor 


democracy  must  b»  ■  established 
affordls 
tunity  I 
!  Tho  * 
;ing  thd 
employ 
lysine 
pcratfi 


©a?  Z&^ce 


B^^^fiMbfe 


FIRST   AID. 

'TALKING  aboat  schools,  the  future 
appears  very  rosy  when  contrasted 
with  the  rottenness  of  the  present.  The 
buildings  in  which  a  majority  of  oar 
school  children  are  now  boused  are  not 
healthful  nor  safe  nor  adequate.  Many 
of  the  structures  are  of  such  character 
that  a  parent  would  be  justified,  mor- 
ally, in  refusing  to  permit  his  children 
to  enter  them,  but  the  compulsory  at- 
tendance law  will  not  let  him  exer- 
cise this  parental  prerogative  of  safe- 
guarding the  life  of  his  children. 

Every  child  rouat  go  to  school  for  a 

given  period,  so  says  the  law.  but  the 

law,    which    is    always    wise    and    just, 

does  not  say  anything  about  the  kind  of 

building  a  government,  which  fortes  it- 

but    it   must    be   offered    in   such    foni  tendance  upon  school,  shall  provide  for 

as  the  younj*   worker  will  accept.    Th<   those  who  are   required  to   attend.      It 

deadening  influence  of  automatic  worl  may  be  because  men  cannot   be  moral 

ust   be    (■!>!    and    a    more    perfect  without   enacted    laws   demanding 


by]  such   I  believe   is  the  view   of  our   reV 

ahsaassei 


Mr.  Lescr  edged  in  a  typical  Maryland 
excuse  by  saying !  "Baltimore  is  nat- 
urally low  In  that  fist  because  wv  4*  re 
done  our  school  building  out  of  the  an- 
nual lew."  Then  came  Dr.  prayer's 
wallop,  not  for  Mr.Xeser  alone,  but  for 
the  whole  clan  of  Balumoreans:  That 
would  be  all  right  if  you  bad  decent 
school  buildings  to  show  for  it." 

It  would  be  an  unfortunate  thing  for 
Baltimore,  indeed,  if,  .after  the  seven 
millions  have  been  spent,  we  should  still 
fee!  called  on  to  make  excuses.  If,  when 
we  boast  about  the  wonderful  washed-air 
we  feed  to  a  negligible  percentage  of  our 
children,  somebody  who  knows  were  to 
rise  and  say  "But  80  per  cent  of  your 
children,  and  those  among  the  younger 
ones  to  whom -clfao  tineas  is  so  vital,  can- 
not wash  tbeir  hands  during  the  school 
day,  and  a  Urge,  number  cannot  get  * 
drink  of  water  during- school  hunrs — be- 
cause no  facilities  have  been  rirtrriaed.''..  - 


undav  Re&iste 


A  LITTLE   MORE 

KINDNESS,  PLEASE!   JJ2J°1 
The  country  awe*.  Jo  the  tact,  not  health" 


OUR  OPINIONS 

Three  Simple,  Pretty  Styles  for  High  School  Girls. 


aversion  to  being  starved  to  death,  ftjtensi 
was  silly  of  them,  but  there  you  were! 
They    were    presumed    to    realise     thati"- 

they  wen,  in  a  noble  calling-  whose  fe}™  At*  2"*  meeting  of  the  ffeftt  high  Parent- 
rewards  were  erer  so  much  better  than  hyg]  A  eacners  association,  eighteen  girls  of  the 
money.    By  way  of    answering-    this  Uu»M  school  participated  in  a  "style"  show.    These 


argument  they  decided  to  quit  the  Job.iJ1"^  are  three  of  the  styles  shown,  any  one  of  which 
tens  of  thousands  d?  them,  and  find  1 8Uw  is  pretty  and  suitable  and  within  the  reach,  of 

out   what    earning   a   real    living    was  cinj  any  girt 

.ivr    Thnrn.it.-  r ->--.-■•  <"■*<     m. ,       i»     ■■         ^'gjdrt  are    worn    by 

one-piece  dress     by 


§)urPubli 
Schools 


BY  PRISCILLA  WAYNE, 

tempted  to  leave  school  because  they  cannot 
"keep  up." 

Here  are  more  letters  on  the  subject  of  snob- 
bery in  the  high  schools,  and  the  effect  it  has 
upon  those  who  are  unable  to  maintain  the  pace 
set    What  do  you  think? 

Do  you  think  high  school  boys  and  girls  of 
today  are  snobbish?  Do  you  believe  the  wear- 
ing of  a  standard  high  school  costume  would 
help  the  situation? 

What  DO  vou  think? 


lg  at  the  right)  and 
aton  (seated), 
fothe  their  daughters 
as  these,  [ 
Jal  way 
I 


AM,  HAI      A    mrm:v: 
ADi  energetic  School  Board  on  Thurs- 

day  arranged  to'  have  the  Baltimore 
school  system  surveyed  at Isst.  It  wisely 
•elected  the  one  individual  Who  would 
seem  to  promise  the  most  capsule  serv- 
ices. Prof.  George  Drayton  Strhyer.  of 
the  Teacher*'  College.  At  the  same  time 
the  board,  by  its  action,  accomplished  sev- 
eral things,  namely :  It  recorded  the 
Boost  definite  step  so  far  taken  for  the 
betterment  of  the  local  school  situation ; 
It  drew  the  supports  from  underneath 
sane  opposition  to  the  proposed  ilj.000. 
000  school  loan,  and  It  convicted  the  Hon. 
Mr.  Broeniag  and  his  survey, commission 
of  all  the  things  with  which  they  have 
been  charged  by  this  departm&bi. 

For  more  than  a  year  Mr.  Broening 
chased  about  the  coantry  like  a  wild 
moo-*  pretending  that  be  was  trying  to 
arrange  for  a  school  survc*.  hot  that  he 
couldn't  get  it.  foe  many  months  the 
(Surrey  Commission  gumshoed  over  the 
•aiverse  and  finally  solemnly  protested 
that  It  could  not  secure  a  survey.  The 
new  Hrbool  Board,  apparently  having 
red  blood  In  Ju  veias  and  regulation  ap- 
paratus in  its  head,  arrange*  for  an  au- 
thoritative survey  in  the  aame  short  or- 
der that  the  writer  offered  to  do  in  Ust 
gaoday a  arrmoa. 

Mr.  Broraiag  may  have  been  right 
when  be  charged  the  writer  of  Oar  Pub- 
lic Acnee/a  with  being  a  i>oltrorm,  a  gar 

.  a  liar  and  a  thief,  but  even  ail  of 

•■esttossMe    qualities    take    frwai 

Board    exclusive    rradh    for 

getting   a   survey 

i  schools. 


.  -  I  some 
fore  planning — 01  even  before  abandon-; — but 
ing  plsn — to  stop,  look  and  listen  so  as»  Kn(j 
to  make  sure  thai  they  -were  headed  in 
the  right  direction.  H  the  Mayor  jumped 
at  his  task  prematurely,  responsible tr 
for  his  blunders  rests  with  him,  if  the 
Commission  did  the  same  thing,  it  was 
doubtless  prompted  by  putting  complete 
faith  in  the  conclusions  that  Mr.  Broen-'™.01 


orroiiTCWiTiKa. 

IF  the  public  is  Interested  in  facta,  such 
a>  da  set  appear  la  the  Uwnicipml 
Jsw-Mf.  the  following  item  should  ap- 
peal. TV  writer  of  this  department,  at 
the    tia*    greatly    raaeereed    that    Mr. 

raWeeauag    sad    bis    Burvey    Commissi. 

'aright  aeiaaUy  **  aecnetbiag  which 
wwald  eat, ik  them  to  comairnaatioo 
'"^JkJlJtldj   of   school    betl#rnM*.i 


)  ara. 
ople'* 


only 
They 


ing's  ability  to  .awsl    *■»  i 


h- -'thing 


Delinquent  Homes — Delinquent  Children. 


ftr  MRS.  J.  E.  LESLIE. 


•^f— J?.H       PUBLIC  SERVICE 


Baltimoreaas  I 
believe  that  Chi 
did  all  it  could  i 
taken;  but  this  • 
the  assertion  t 
educational  foun 


Faulty  Nutrition 

By   MBS.    WILLIAM  J.  CHALLMAJf, 


Tl'DOE  HULBURT  only 
*'  spoke,  a  Mlf-eviflent  fact 
when  he  asserted  before  the 
woman's  club  that  parents  are 
to  blame  for  the  culprits  who 
fill  the  Detention  Home. 
The  sole  responsibility  for 
who 

'    Of    JUB- 

{ourt  lies 

.  la  thty 

for  de- 

uty— 


hour  were  uacert  w«trttlea   **v*J««*   Leaser.    Home   Bareaw  a*  Cnasaher  efbn    whom 
Cosaascvee.  «»«   **• 


taking  on  the  an 
terted  in  this  depj 
can  be  said  oo 
Broening  had  pi 
inite  course,  t 
Board  would  hi 
make  the  survey! 
aftrr  months 
ing  and  the  Su 
I'erhaps  this 


irvey, 

i  of  i 
hi*  i 


(This    a»ri-a   of   srllcl*L    _.. 

the  Chambar  of  C«mmerM  IS  prauarea  by  obaarrara 
ferent  walka  of  Ufa.  for  tha  purpose  or  calling  to  the  attan- 
llnn  of  tho  public  the  prsvslertco  of  .malnutrition  smont 
chlWron  In  Spokano  and  IU  offtcts  on  adulla  Articln  *llt 
I.-  pr«a*nt«4  from  the  viae  point  of  an  armr  mrdlcal  offi- 
cer, a  tuboreuloala  •prclsllat. 
and  a  phyalral  director.) 


I  a  reflae- 
I  father— 


.  bualn«M  man,  a  labor  leads* 


I  answsf- 

y   af  the 

■rs.       The 

r,      fault- 

A  careful  survey  by  the  Spokane  public  school  health.    up    hla 

for  Dr.  Strayerj  department.    In    which   over   4000    chlldran    were    weighed  i#8M    har 

ty    at    least^aajand       measured,     reveals     *&^BBFTZ^3RMOC~^~l  •'•■•  *nd 

percentage      or      mol- 

t    la    as    marked 

Boston     and     In 


the  f>neral  EdJ  h, 
it  wiU  be  com  pi,      * 

;  nutrltlo 

.     c,v\\  hera  as 

gLT  the  .spec    c  w  |ny„tlc». 

'-'      appeal  to  i        ™"  *  .  ,  . 

the  constructiv  tlon  b>  th«  emin«nt  J"f 
only  two  have  syec.ali.t.  Dr.  Kmersoft. 
tions.  The  Oe  shows  that  una  In  every 
conducted  the  O  three  children  la  anal- 
Ssge  Foundatio.  nfluMti,ed.     This  same  ratio 

■rassst- <"<"  — 

Tbs  learned  1  aar»Ke.  aaiaied  la  lb.  draft 
however,  say  mi  for  the  great  war.  Ths  fact 
the  surveys  "«n.  p|Klnly  suggests  that  chit- 
Uois.    KL    P«"Jdrtl,    b^iow   normal 


Omaha,  Los  An 
City  and  other 


c]  adults 
r«"auier 


bacoi 
balow  par— thty  do 


himself 

wrong. 

aa  of  Joy 

urt    gats 

for  delln- 
■  Ufa  by 
•r  of   his 

ins  of  the 
hat       the 

tut  do  not 
gat  them 
en  -  The 
l   of     the 

ha  young 


ofrsnders  eoms  would  lead  one 
to  think  that  the  parents  bava 
no  Idea  of  an  ideal  of  any- 
thing. Letters  to  the  Experi- 
ence Column — thousands  of 
thsm — from  children  com- 
plaining of  drunken  fathers 
and  nagging  mothers  making 
home  anything  but  what  lift 
word  means,  would  point  te 
an  utter  lack  of  Ideals.  These 
letters  either  say  that  the 
little  writers  love  mother  and 
try  to  please  har.  bat  In  vain, 
or  else  they  have  reached  ths 
stags  whare  thalr  natural  love 
has  turned  to  hats — a  condi- 
tion which  iitmi  revolllnglr 
fmpoaatble  to  tboaa  whose 
homes  are  what  Ood  meant 
home  to  be. 

Church  and  school  can  help 
in  ths  mora]  aad  ethical  train- 
Ing  of  children,  but  unless 
there  la  tha  homa  foundation. 
thalr  work  bears  merely 
aupacflclal  rsaulU  that  will  net 
•land  tha  strain  of  the  world's 
temptation  or  tbs  childish  da- 
fiance  and  sanss  of  Injustice 
that  floods  the  whole  being 
of  tha   Httla   injured  one. 

The  aimoephera  of  lava  at 
homa  la  the  best  safeguard 
against  tha  Juvenile  eourt— 
not  only  love,  far  even  the 
meaneet  parent  has  a  natural 
lova  for  bis  child— but  the 
atmosphere  that  comes  from 
lavs  saarsaaad  without  re- 
straint. 


THR   SPECIAL  COLUMN  FINDS  SCHOOL  MATTERS  OF  INTEREST 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  113 

(0     School  Athletic  News.  A  Program 

for  School 
From  the  reports  of  editors  and  superintendents,  ^ews 

it  was  learned  that  a  large  amount  of  school 
athletic  news  gets  into  the  newspaper.  It 
was  stated  that  this  side  of  school  life  is 
over-emphasized  by  the  press.  However 
that  may  be,  athletic  news  plays  a  promi- 
nent part  in  school  news.  It  should  be  as 
carefully  prepared  as  any  other  school 
news  and,  whenever  possible,  made  to  in- 
form the  reading  public  of  the  relation  be- 
tween school  and  sport.  It  cannot  be 
denied  that  this  is  one  channel  through 
which  certain  citizens  can  be  interested  in 
the  public  school  system.  Probably  its 
proper  position  is  on  the  general  athletic 
page.  In  some  instances,  public  school 
sport  news  is  considered  of  front  page  and 
editorial  column  importance. 

(g)     Parent  Teacher  Association  Notes. 

A  large  majority  of  editors  rated  this  kind  of 
news  very  highly.  It  should  have  an  im- 
portant place  in  any  publicity  program. 
This  importance  will,  of  course,  depend  upon 
the  importance  of  the  ParentTeacher  organi- 
zation in  the  system.  The  opinion  of 
school  patrons  relative  to  school  matters 
will  find  a  place  for  its  expression  in  this 
type  of  news. 

(h)     School  Board  Meeting  News. 

This  is  a  very  common  kind  of  news.  It  is 
usually  covered  by  the  newspaper  itself.  It 
is  often  the  subject  of  sensationalism.  A 
carefully  prepared  account  of  school  board 
meetings,  if  furnished  to  the  newspapers, 
might  avoid  some  of  this  sensational  treat- 
ment. 

(i)     Local  Teachers'  Club  News. 

Where  such  organizations  exist,  news  as  to 
their  actiyities  should  be  made  a  part  of  the 
publicity  program.     The  point  of  view  of 


Do  Not  Forget  to  Vote  on  Monday  at 

the  Davenport  School  Election 


Vr.  Stray er  Stirs  C.  of  C.  on  School  Needs.  By  Stein 


TW?=T>oerbte  was  SHoerreo  Whcaj  He  F^ou/vo 

PUPUS  ttoARpED  IM  BASEMEN  to  CtvMPEi'-EO  7a 
STUDS  "Bv  CJL6CTe^t  tiCHT—    VUtto  ujwi.P'm'T  Bfi 


HuRRy     ON    THE 

nourishment, 
Ma!  I'm  in  a 
\e>\&  rush  !; 


QiTH 


T.4-T    A. ISA. 


NVTL.  CoMM.rTEE  OF  TWC  CHA^gEf!  OF 


Let's  Keep  Going  Until  We  Get  to  First  Street 


■fe  AOMltlBO   MAA1V  <5F  OUQ. 
»tltaot.  «uii.&in<;e  Bot  WAS 
^loitriFiEo  To  see  «nu  PuPii* 

WtffiE    PAettgo    /AO  •  '  CWLBSffAJ  f*N 

>*t  *e  pRopeet-Y  tbducateo  /a/ 

"WIS  FAfcHTOM"    SA-'b  rt« 

(  "But,  i  Haue  pouviO  Cooo  Ttfr/w;r  /A8ou7 

OF  THE  cmSS  1*1  TWe  BIST  IN  REffAC 

Its  adequate  TEA,cngpt  <rbMpf*SAT 


CARTOONS  ADAPTED  TO  SCHOOL  PUBLICITY 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  115 

the  teacher  makes  good  news.     An  example  A  Program 
in  Figure  28,  page  95  shows  how  one  news-  for  School 
paper  treats  news  about  teachers.  News. 

(/)     A  Page  or  Department  Contributed    by   School 
Children. 

Figure  16,  page  106  shows  how  this  type  is  featured 
in  Long  Branch,  California;  Des  Moines, 
Iowa;  and  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan.  It 
differs  from  school  notes  prepared  by  stu- 
dents in  that  the  articles,  as  will  be  seen, 
are  not  of  a  news  character.  Its  value  is 
probably  two  fold:  first,  to  interest  the 
children  in  newspaper  writing;  and,  sec- 
ondly, to  interest  the  parents  in  the  school. 
It  can  be  adapted  to  any  grade  through  the 
High  School.  Several  editors  expressed  in- 
terest in  this  type  of  news. 

(k)     Editorials. 

The  use  of  the  editorial  for  discussing  school 
matters  is  controlled  by  the  newspaper. 
Some  editors  believe  that  this  is  the  only 
division  of  the  newspaper  which  should 
carry  propaganda  for,  or  state  opinions  rela- 
tive to,  school  matters.  It  is  clear  that  the 
editorial  carries  great  weight.  The  proper 
relations  between  the  school  system  and  the 
editor  will  make  it  possible  to  secure  for 
education  that  editorial  discussion  to  which 
its  importance  entitles  it.  Figure  25,  page 
24  illustrates  editorial  discussion  of  school 
matters. 

(/)     The  Sunday  Magazine  and  Picture  Supplement. 

School  news  finds  its  place  in  the  Sunday  edition. 
It  is  a  good  edition  for  school  news.  The 
Sunday  magazine  is  adapted  to  articles  of 
considerable  length.  A  series  of  such  arti- 
cles on  school  matters  could  be  made  a  very 
important  part  in  a  publicity  program. 
Pictures  are  a  good  publicity.  The  Roto- 
gravure Section  of  the  modern  Sunday 
newspaper  offers  excellent  opportunity  for 
picturing  the  plant  and   activities  of  the 


Enrollment  in  Bangor  Public  Schools  on  Sept.  1,  1920 


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M 

HOW  AKRON  SCHOOL  DOLLAR  IS  SPENT 


ttammirr   school   jm> 
etnatp  tujsjcMsiTTz 


IRREGULAR  SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE 
AND  FAILURES 


FUST  GRADE,   lttt-21.  TVRLJLVGTO.N   GRADED  SCHOOL 
SMJTHFIELD,  N.  C 


^STRUGTlOf* 


!»  TW 


fmvtfRfl£SJffl53WA 


CHABTS  AND  GRAPHS  WHICH  HAVE  BEEN  PUBLISHED  IN  NEWSPAPERS 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  117 


school  system;  colleges  have   utilized    this  A  Program 
kind  of  publicity  to  a  considerable  extent,  for  School 
A  public  school  news  organization  ought  to  News. 
be  able  to  convince  an  editor  that  the  public 
schools  of  any  city  offer  splendid  subjects 
for  rotogravure  pictures  in  the  Sunday  edi- 
tion.    Figures  17  and  18,  pages  108  and  no 
show  school  news  in  the  Sunday  edition. 

(m)     The  "Column". 

Figure  19,  page  112  shows  that  the  special 
columns  find  school  news  of  interest.  The 
special  column  writer  may  be  made  a 
valuable  member  of  any  public  school  news 
organization. 

(n)     Cartoons. 

To  some,  the  use  of  cartoons  to  carry  school 
news  may  seem  undignified.  However  that 
may  be,  many  reforms  have  been  achieved 
by  the  use  of  newspaper  cartoons.  Figure 
20,  page  114  shows  some  examples  of  the 
cartoon  as  adapted  to  school  news  purposes. 
Observation  will  prove  that  cartoons  are 
much  read.  They  have  the  quality  of  being 
easily  understood.  They  have  a  place  in 
some  school  publicity  programs. 

(0)     Charts  and  Graphs. 

The  school  man  is  rapidly  coming  to  use  charts 
and  graphs  to  express  school  facts.  They 
undoubtedly  should  be  utilized  in  a  news- 
paper program.  Figure  21,  page  116  shows 
some  that  have  been  published  in  news- 
papers. Their  use,  however,  should  be 
carefully  governed  by  the  results  desired. 
For  the  general  reader,  only  the  simplest 
charts  and  graphs  are  effective.  Those 
which  contain  the  elements  of  the  picture 
are  the  most  effective. 

(p)     Display  Advertising. 

Conditions  may  make  it  advisable  to  use  paid 
display  advertising.  Oftentimes  the  ex- 
pense of  such  publicity  will  be  borne  by 
civic  organizations.  Figures  12  and  22, 
pages  98  and  118  illustrate  this  form  of 
publicity. 


ocaoi 


"Our  Boys  and  Girls  First" 

1.  The  people  of  Bucyrus  want  good  schools. 

2.  Good  schools  are  not  possible  without  good  teachers 
and  good  buildings. 

3.  Good  teachers  must  be  paid  living  wages,  and  good 
buildings  cost  money. 

4.  Public  education  is  a  business  proposition,  most  likely 
our  city's  biggest  business  undertaking. 

5.  Every  citizen  must  assume  his  share  of  the  responsibili- 
ty for  public  education— that's  what  "America"  means. 

Vote  for  the  Two  Mill  Levy  to  Properly  Officer  Our  Schools 
and  Additional  Bond  Issue  to  Complete  the  New  High  School 

Election  August  lO,  1920 

"Our  Boys  and  Girls  First" 


Are  Your 

Children 

On  Part  Time? 


There  will  be  a  Public  Meeting  to  discuss 


School  Bond  Issue 

Tuesday,  MARCH  15 

AT  s  r.  M. 
HIGH  SCHOOL  AUDITORIUM 


Your  Boy  Is  Going 
to  School  of  Course 

0*e  of  Hir  jrorcl    mi*f-<Mnnr*   Hint  ran  befall  n   child 

la  tft  drop  "nt  -t  wHoi-l  hrfftff  hr  h;f«  reeeivr-t  1  |-«0<1 

Cnwmflii-Prfcoo)  BtattfMk 

All  This  Week 

WE  ARE  DrlVRM  A  LOT  Of  ROYS'  SHOE* 
PriM.  s  |n  fi,  at 

$3.45  per  pair 

Sampliners 


SCOTTISH  RITE  IS 
BACK  OF  BONDS  FOR 
NEW  HIGH  SCHOOL 

U  liereat.  Il  hat  been  proposed  Hut  (Ik  city  of  Tucson,  by 
tpec-al  election  for  that  purpose,  issue  bondi  in  the  «im  of  5750,000 
for  the  purpose  of  financing  ihe  erection  of  ■  modem  and  com- 
modious high  school  building:  and. 

Whereas.  The  individual  member*  of  this  body  have  g 
careful  consideration  and  thought  to  the  ncedVdf  Tucson  for  such 
an  institution:  and, 

Whereas,  Ii  it  the  unanimous  consensus  of  opinion  of  thb 
body  (hat  nothing  short  of  a  building  capable  of  accommodating 
tlie  rapidly  increasing  attendance  for  a  number  of  years  in  the 
future  should  be  creeled,  and  that  such  a  building  is  seriously  de- 
manded immediately;  now  therefore.be  it 

Besolred  by  Aruona  Consistory  No.  1.  Scotmh  Rite  Masons. 
That  it  is  for  the  best  interest  of  the  citiiens  of  Tucson  that  the 
proposed  bond  issue  of  $750,000  be  favorably  considered  by  the 
-  ned  taxpayers  of  school  distrkt  No.  I ;  and.  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  Arizona  Consistory  No.  I.  Scottish  Rile  Ma- 
is, hereby  manifests  its  fullest  support  of  the  aforesaid  bond 


o  , 

IN 

o 


The  Man  Who  Knows 

TV  MM  i>  0OI  --mU  .ln.v: 
flM  <".\X   I  tICT  TDK   KH1HT    MAN  TO   I'M,!. 

THAT  VlJiVV.r 

Wlifp    one    )iuaiuuH'   lirrnnir  njn-n;   uhni   ptfrrtfcM   »"■ 

mud*  tft  |hi-  p.l.tvt  nhmd,  uli.i  in  Hi f  H.iill  Ihul  i»  offi-ml 

Hie  nppii-tunif  i  ? 

It  Is  The  "Man  Who  Knows" 

Von  tun  prrptii*  VMinrit  f..r  a  latjs*  |.lm-r  in  tltr  anrkl 

In-  it-Ming  aft**}  nnj>  M  PI**  K.-U...I 

8B1-TEMUF.K  fiTIt, 

.-ii. I  by  mAf  inning  y.nir  >1n<lh*  milil  r.u  <gri  thi-  ln-*l  iiln- 

luliiHi  Ui.i(   the  (mbrti-  araaaaa  i-mh  uffct  Marti  uniting 

\  iH)  Tm-nnu-  noiie  ihiy 

The  Man  Who  Knows 


The  Grand  Junction  Public 
Schools 


TO  THE 
CITIZENS  OF  ERIE 


(Article  2) 


Do  you  realize  that  the  increased 
cost  of  labor  and  supplies  affects  the 
school  system  to  the  same  degree  as  that 
of  the  merchant,  manufacturer  or  private 
citizen? 

The  operation  of  a  school  system 
consists  entirely  of  supplies  and  si  laries 
of  employes.  Teachers  must  be  id  liv- 
ing wages  or  compelled  to  seek  c  er  vo- 
cations. The  School  Board  must  ay  the 
market  price  for  coal,  paper  r  d  all 
mecessary  supplies,  which  have  c.  ".bled 
and  tripled  in  price. 

The  question  to  be  decided  is 
whether  the  completion  of  the  East  High 
School  shall  be  financed  by  adding  an  ad- 
ditional five  mills  to  the  operating  costs  or 


Put  On  The  Roof 

You  wouldn't  build  a  house  and  leave  off  the  roof  would  you? 

That'*  just  what  we  are  up  against  with  the  New  Bucyrus  High  School. 
There  is  money  enough  to  build  Ihe  building  but  not  enough  to  finish  the  sec- 
ond floor.  The  second  floor  is  a  vital  part  as  it  is  divided  into  school  rooms 
and  this  room  is  absolutely  needed.  Temporary  frame  buildings  at  three  dif- 
ferent places  prove  that  we  need  more  rooms  and  of  a  creditable  kind. 


Come  on  Fellows,  School 
Begins  Next 
Tuesday 

KUi --.1  tagittn  Ml  T""«1.tJ—  Vim  ante  It  »»  e»rr? 
Iwiiul  MM  »h"  hrgfMft !'ifi  lu  urtlu-  frut»  thetr  «■»- 
•mt  aWaaaaa  mh)  uic  fcaaaaa]  for  t-«.4n«,  ftvpte  *« 
(net  ins  in  fn«  unrrmniliiif  I'ivm  nad  i-xmt ry  to  Hurt 
Half  >■•'>•  "Hi  flanV  "i  T  ha**  iidinntajp-  nf  Omasl  Jaar- 
r  .  ■>'-  *t  1  htoJM  -  Mfe  Tl-r  mm  -'Wtttn»  |»  the  ft%k 
HrlH  4  •>  -.rnil'tefi-'l.  Nvfc]  thlUB  t>  la  rmdhM*  foe  the* 
.tintii  »  r.iflj"-t  fn<ohsrx«— e»{ntpei|«(  cue  bo)"  n»d 
BilK  l»  ftli  their  j.hiOT.  in  the  *a*aa* 

*t4  to  sHn  oary  (•> 

i  Cliche*  let  i*t<  —* 


Education  The 
Best  Investment 


Have  The  Children  Take  Thi*  List 

of  Supplies  With  Them  the 

First  Day  of  School 

l  c*hl*iM  »tl   h*  e*e**l  m *U*  m  Mf'nM  hj  Ike  MhaeJ 


DISPLAY   ADVERTISEMENTS 
LOCAL  MERCHANTS  ARE  OFTEN  WILLING  TO  ADVERTISE  THE  SCHOOLS 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  119 

(q)     As  a  Part  of  the  Continuous  Campaign,  some  school  A  Program 
systems  have  been  enabled  to  secure  special  for  School 
editions  of  the  newspaper  for  school  publicity.  News 
In  some  cases,  the  entire  edition  of  the  paper 
has   been  prepared  by  the    students    of    a 
school    system     or    journalism     class.     In 
some   cases,   a    special    "School    Number" 
has  been  issued.     Figure  26,  page  42  illus- 
trates  this  cooperation  on  the  part  of  the 
newspaper. 


CONCLUSION 

A  public  school  publicity  or  news  program  should  be  developed 
as  a  part  of  the  whole  educational  program  with  the  cooperation  and 
advice  of  newspaper  organizations.  If  it  is  carefully  planned,  thor- 
oughly organized,  and  systematically  carried  out,  it  will  prove  to  be 
of  great  benefit  to  the  school  system.  It  will  be  a  most  powerful 
agency  for  securing  the  interest,  cooperation,  and  support  of  the  pub- 
lic, without  which  progress  is  impossible. 


120  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


APPENDIX  A 

NEWSPAPERS  FROM  WHICH  THE  MATERIAL  FOR  THE  NUMBER 
COUNT  AND  COLUMN  INCH  MEASUREMENT  WAS  SECURED 

City  State  Name  of  Newspaper 

Akron Ohio The  Akron  Times 

Boise Idaho The  Idaho  Daily  Statesman 

Buffalo New  York The  Buffalo  Evening  News 

Canton Ohio The  Evening  Repository 

Davenport Iowa The  Davenport  Times 

Denver Colorado The  Denver  Post 

Des  Moines Iowa The  Des  Moines  Register 

Detroit Michigan The  Detroit  News 

Great  Falls Montana The  Great  Falls  Tribune 

Haverhill Massachusetts The  Haverhill  Gazette 

Lincoln Nebraska The  Nebraska  State  Journal 

Long  Beach California The  Daily  Telegram 

Manchester New  Hampshire The  Manchester  Union 

Muskegon Michigan The  Muskegon  Chronicle 

Newark New  Jersey The  Newark  Evening  News 

Oakland California The  Oakland  Tribune 

Rochester New  York The  Democrat-Chronicle 

Rockford Illinois The  Rockford  Daily  Register-Gazette 

Salt  Lake  City Utah The  Salt  Lake  Tribune 

San  Diego California The  San  Diego  Union 

Scranton Pennsylvania The  Scranton  Times 

Seattle Washington The  Seattle  Daily  Times 

Spokane Washington The  Spokane-Chronicle 

White  Plains New  York The  Daily  Reporter 

Wichita Kansas The  Wichita  Daily  Eagle 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  121 


APPENDIX  B. 
DAILY  NEWSPAPERS  COOPERATING  IN  THIS  STUDY 
NEWSPAPERS  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  AND  OVER 

City  Name  oj  Paper  Edition 

1.  Akron,  Ohio The  Times Evening  and  Sunday 

2.  Boston,  Mass The  American Evening  and  Sunday 

3.  Boston,  Mass The  Christian  Science  Monitor Morning 

4.  Boston,  Mass The  Transcript Evening 

5.  Birmingham,  Ala The  News Evening  and  Sunday 

6.  Bridgeport,  Conn The  Post Evening  and  Sunday 

7.  Buffalo,  N.  Y The  News Evening 

8.  Chicago,  111 The  News Evening 

9.  Cincinnati,  Ohio The  Post Evening 

10.  Dayton,  Ohio The  News Evening  and  Sunday 

11.  Des  Moines,  la The  Register Morning  and  Sunday 

12.  Detroit,  Mich The  News Evening  and  Sunday 

13.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich The  Press Evening 

14.  Independence,  Mo The  Examiner Evening 

15.  Kansas  City,  Mo The  Star Evening  and  Sunday 

16.  Louisville,  Ky The  Times Evening 

17.  Milwaukee,  Wis The  Journal Evening  and  Sunday 

18.  Minneapolis,  Minn The  Tribune Morning,  Evening  and  Sunday 

19.  Newark,  N.J The  News Evening 

20.  Philadelphia,  Pa The  Inquirer Morning  and  Sunday 

21.  Portland,  Ore The  Oregonian Morning  and  Sunday 

22.  St.  Louis,  Mo The  Globe  Democrat Morning  and  Sunday 

23.  St.  Louis,  Mo The  Post  Dispatch Evening  and  Sunday 

24.  Scranton,  Pa The  Times Evening 

25.  Seattle,  Wash The  Times Evening  and  Sunday 

NEWSPAPERS  IN  CITIES  OF  30,000  TO  100,000 

City  Name  of  Paper  Edition 

1.  Allentown,  Pa The  Call Morning  and  Sunday 

2.  Canton,  Ohio The  Repository Evening  and  Sunday 

3.  Charleston,  S.  C The  Post Evening 

4.  Chattanooga,  Tenn The  Times Morning  and  Sunday 

5.  Columbia,  S.  C The  State Morning  and  Sunday 

6.  Davenport,  la The  Times Evening 

7.  Duluth,  Minn The  Herald Evening 

8.  Elmira,  N.  Y The  Star  Gazette Evening 

9.  Fort  Wayne,  Ind The  Journal  Gazette Morning  and  Sunday 

10.  Gary,  Ind The  Post  and  Tribune Evening 

11.  Lewiston,  Me The  Journal Evening  and  Sunday 

12.  Lima,  Ohio The  News  and  Times  Democrat Morning,  Evening  and  Sunday 

13.  Macon,  Ga The  Telegraph Morning  and  Sunday 

14.  Manchester,  N.  H The  Union Morning 

15.  Montgomery,  Ala The  Journal Evening  and  Sunday 

16.  Newport,  R.  I The  News Evening 

17.  Ogden,  Utah The  Standard  Examiner Evening  and  Sunday 

18.  Oklahoma  City,  Okla The  Oklanoman Morning  and  Sunday 

19.  Passaic,  N.  J The  Herald Evening 

20.  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J The  News Evening 

21.  Pittsfield,  Mass The  Berkshire  Eagle Evening 

22.  Portland,  Me The  Express  and  Advertiser Evening  and  Sunday 


122  NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

City  Name  of  Paper                                        Edition 

23.  St.  Joseph,  Mo The  News  Press Evening 

24.  Saginaw,  Mich The  News  Courier Evening  and  Sunday 

25.  South  Bend,  Ind The  Tribune Evening 

26.  Springfield,  111 The  Illinois  State  Journal Morning  and  Sunday 

27.  Tacoma,  Wash The  News  Tribune Evening 

28.  Taunton,  Mass The  Gazette Evening 

29.  Terre  Haute,  Ind The  Star Morning  and  Sunday 

30.  Troy,  N.  Y The  Record Morning  and  Evening 

31.  Utica,  N.  Y The  Press Morning 

32.  Wichita,  Kan The  Eagle Morning  and  Sunday 

NEWSPAPERS  IN  CITIES  OF  LESS  THAN  30,000 

1.  Albion,  Mich The  Recorder Evening 

2.  Athens,  Ohio The  Messenger Evening 

3.  Bellingham,  Wash The  Herald Evening 

4.  Brownsville,  Tex The  Herald Evening  and  Sunday 

5.  Burlington,  Vt The  Free  Press Morning 

6.  Casper,  Wyo The  Tribune Evening 

7.  Cedar  Falls,  la The  Record Evening 

8.  Cheyenne,  Wyo The  Wyoming  State  Tribune  and  Leader Morning,  Evening  and  Sunday 

9.  Elkhart,  Ind The  Truth Evening 

10.  Fargo,  N.  D The  Forum Evening 

11.  Fort  Dodge,  la The  Messenger  and  Chronicle Evening 

12.  Grand  Forks,  N.  D The  Herald Morning,  Evening  and  Sunday 

13.  Greeley,  Col The  Tribune  and  Republican Morning  and  Evening 

14.  Henderson,  N.  C The  Dispatch Evening 

15.  Idaho  Falls,  Idaho The  Times  Register Morning  and  Sunday 

16.  Jackson,  Miss The  News Evening  and  Sunday 

17.  Keene,  N.  H The  Sentinel Evening 

18.  Keyser,  W.  Va The  Mineral  News Evening 

19.  Key  West,  Fla The  Citizen Evening 

20.  Little  Falls,  Minn The  Transcript Evening 

21.  Logan,  Utah The  Journal- Evening 

22.  Marion,   Ohio The  Star Evening 

23.  Meridian,  Miss The  Star Evening  and  Sunday 

24.  Moultrie,  Ga The  Observer Evening 

25.  Nashua,  N.  H The  Telegraph Evening 

26.  New  London,  Conn The  Day Evening 

27.  Pocatello,  Idaho The  Tribune Evening 

28.  Pulaski,  Va The  Southwest  Times  and  News  Review Evening 

29.  Raleigh,  N.  C The  News  and  Observer Morning  and  Sunday 

30.  Rutland,  Vt The  Herald Morning 

31.  Rome,  Ga The  News Evening  and  Sunday 

32.  St.  Cloud,  Minn The  Journal  Press Evening 

33.  San  Bernardino,  Calif The  Sun Morning  and  Sunday 

34.  Santa  Rosa,  Calif The  Press  Democrat Morning  and  Sunday 

35.  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D The  Argus  Leader Evening 

36.  Sterling,  Col The  Advocate Evening 

37.  Tallahassee,  Fla The  Democrat Evening 

38.  Tuscaloosa,  Ala The  News  and  Times  Gazette Evening  and  Sunday 

39.  Wakefield,  Mass The  Item Evening 

40.  Walla  Walla,  Wash The  Bulletin Evening  and  Sunday 

41.  Winchester,  Ky The  Sun Morning  and  Evening 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


123 


APPENDIX  C. 

LIST  OF  CITIES  IN  WHICH  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM  COOPERATED. 


City  State 

Aberdeen South  Dakota 

Adams Massachusetts 

Albany Alabama 

Albuquerque New  Mexico 

Alexandria Indiana 

Alexandria Louisiana 

Allentown Pennsylvania 

Altoona . .  Pennsylvania 

Anderson South  Carolina 

Ansonia Connecticut 

Asbury  Park New  Jersey 

Astoria Oregon 

Athens Georgia 

Atlanta Georgia 

Bakersfield California 

Bangor Maine 

Battle  Creek Michigan 

Bayonne New  Jersey 

Bellows  Falls Vermont 

Bennington Vermont 

Berkeley California 

Binghamton New  York 

Birmingham Alabama 

Bloomfield New  Jersey 

Bloomington Indiana 

Bowling  Green Kentucky 

Bowling  Green Ohio 

Bozeman Montana 

Brattleboro Vermont 

Bridgeport Connecticut 

Brockton Massachusetts 

Brunswick Georgia 

Buffalo New  York 

Burlington Iowa 

Burlington Vermont 

Cairo Illinois 

Canton Illinois 

Canton Ohio 

Cape  Girardeau Missouri 

Carlisle Pennsylvania 

Carthage Missouri 

Cedar  Rapids Iowa 

Central  Village Connecticut 

Chelsea Massachusetts 

Chester Pennsylvania 

Cheyenne Wyoming 

Chickasha Oklahoma 

Chicopee Massachusetts 

Cicero Illinois 

Cleveland Ohio 

Cleveland Tennessee 


City  Stale 

Clifton  Forge Virginia 

Coatesville Pennsylvania 

Coeur  d'  Alene Idaho 

Colorado  Springs Colorado 

Columbus Nebraska 

Columbus Georgia 

Concord New  Hampshire 

Council  Bluffs Iowa 

Danvers Massachusetts 

Davenport Iowa 

Denison Texas 

Denver Colorado 

Detroit Michigan 

Dubuque Iowa 

Duluth Minnesota 

Durham North  Carolina 

Easton Pennsylvania 

East  St.  Louis Illinois 

Eau  Claire Wisconsin 

Elizabeth New  Jersey 

Elkins West  Virginia 

El  Paso Texas 

Erie Pennsylvania 

Escanaba Michigan 

Everett Massachusetts 

Everett Washington 

Fargo North  Dakota 

Fort  Smith Arkansas 

Fredericksburg Virginia 

Fresno California 

Gadsden Alabama 

Galesburg Illinois 

Gardner Massachusetts 

Gary Indiana 

Grand  Forks North  Dakota 

Grand  Junction Colorado 

Grand  Rapids Michigan 

Great  Falls Montana 

Greeley Colorado 

Green  Bay Wisconsin 

Greencastle Indiana 

Greensboro North  Carolina 

Greenville Mississippi 

Hackensack New  Jersey 

Hagerstown Maryland 

Hancock Michigan 

Hannibal Missouri 

Harrisburg Pennsylvania 

Haverhill Massachusetts 

Helena Arkansas 

Holyoke Massachusetts 


124 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


Cxty  State 

Huron South  Dakota. 

Independence Kansas 

Indianapolis Indiana 

Iowa  City Iowa 

Iron  ton Ohio 

Ironwood Michigan 

Jackson Michigan 

Jacksonville Illinois 

Jamestown New  York 

Jeanette Pennsylvania 

Jersey  City New  Jersey 

Joliet Illinois 

Kansas  City Kansas 

Kenosha Wisconsin 

Keokuk Iowa 

Kinston North  Carolina 

Kokomo Indiana 

La  Crosse Wisconsin 

Lancaster Ohio 

Lancaster Pennsylvania 

Lansing Michigan 

Latrobe Pennsylvania 

Leavenworth Kansas 

Lebanon New  Hampshire 

Leominster Massachusetts 

Lewiston Idaho 

Lewiston Maine 

Lexington Missouri 

Little  Falls Minnesota 

Los  Angeles California 

Lynn Massachusetts 

Maiden Massachusetts 

Mamaroneck New  York 

Maistee Michigan 

Mankato Minnesota 

Martins  Ferry Ohio 

Medford Oregon 

Mexico Missouri 

Miami Florida 

Middletown Connecticut 

Milton Massachusetts 

Milwaukee Wisconsin 

Minot North  Dakota 

Missoula Montana 

Mitchell South  Dakota 

Moberly Missouri 

Moline Illinois 

Monroe Michigan 

Montclair New  Jersey 

Montgomery Alabama 

Montpelier Vermont 

Mount  Vernon Illinois 

Mount  Vernon New  York 

Muskogee  Oklahoma 

Nangatuck Connecticut 

Nashua New  Hampshire 


City  Stale 

Nevada Missouri 

New  Castle Pennsylvania 

New  Orleans Louisiana 

Newtonville Massachusetts 

Norfolk Virginia 

Northampton Massachusetts 

Norwalk Connecticut 

Oakland California 

Oak  Park Illinois 

Oklahoma  City Oklahoma 

Olympia Washington 

Omaha Nebraska 

Oshkosh Wisconsin 

Ottwumwa Iowa 

Owensboro Kentucky 

Paducah Kentucky 

Pasadena California 

Paterson , New  Jersey 

Philadelphia Pennsylvania 

Phoenix Arizona 

Pine  Bluff Arkansas 

Pittsfield Massachusetts 

Pocatello Idaho 

Pontiac Michigan 

Portsmouth New  Hampshire 

Portsmouth Virginia 

Prescott Arizona 

Pueblo Colorado 

Quincy Illinois 

Raleigh North  Carolina 

Reading Pennsylvania 

Redlands California 

Revere Massachusetts 

Richmond Virginia 

Rochester Minnesota 

Rochester New  York 

Rock  Island Illinois 

Rome Georgia 

St.  Johnsbury Vermont 

St.  Joseph Missouri 

Salt  Lake  City Utah 

San  Diego California 

San  Rafael California 

Santa  Barbara California 

Santa  Cruz California. 

Santa  Fe New  Mexico 

Sapulpa Oklahoma 

Savannah Georgia 

Schenectady New  York 

Scranton Pennsylvania 

Selma Alabama 

Sharpsburg Pennsylvania 

Sheboygan Wisconsin 

Shreveport Louisiana 

Sioux  City Iowa 

Solvay New  York 


NEWSPAPER  PUBLICITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


125 


City  State 

Somerville Massachusetts 

Spokane Washington 

Springfield Missouri 

Springfield Ohio 

Stamford Connecticut 

Streator Illinois 

Superior Wisconsin 

Syracuse New  York 

Taunton Massachusetts 

Terre  Haute Indiana 

Texarkana Texas 

Topeka Kansas 

Trenton New  Jersey 

Union New  Jersey 

Utica New  York 

Vicksburg Mississippi 

Waco Texas 

Walla  Walla Washington 

Wallingford Connecticut 

Washington District  of  Columbia 


City  State 

Washington Pennsylvania 

Waterbury Connecticut 

Wausau Wisconsin 

Waycross Georgia 

West  Hoboken New  Jersey 

West  Orange New  Jersey 

Wheeling West  Virginia 

Wichita Kansas 

Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania 

Willimantic Connecticut 

Wilmington North  Carolina 

Winchester Massachusetts 

Winchester Virginia 

Winston  Salem North  Carolina 

Woburn Massachusetts 

Worcester Massachusetts 

Yazoo  City Mississippi 

Youngstown Ohio 

Zanesville Ohio 


VITA 

The  author  of  this  dissertation,  Rollo  George  Reynolds,  was  born 
at  Cambridge,  Vermont,  on  March  31,  1886.  He  received  his  early 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Vermont  and  the  public  high  school 
of  Brookline,  Massachusetts,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1906.  He 
attended  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  New  Hampshire,  from  which 
he  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1910.  During  the  year 
1910-11,  he  was  instructor  in  history  at  Juniata  College,  Huntingdon, 
Pa.  From  191 1  to  1915  he  served  as  principal  of  elementary  and 
high  schools  in  Cambridge,  Stowe,  and  Morrisville,  Vermont.  From 
1915  to  1917  he  served  as  executive  secretary  to  the  State  Board  of 
Education  of  Vermont.  From  1917  to  1919,  he  was  Director  of  the 
Theodore  N.  Vail  Agricultural  School  and  farms,  Lyndonville,  Ver- 
mont. During  the  years,  1917  and  191 8,  he  was  appointed  as  State 
Director  for  Vermont  of  the  United  States  Boys  Working  Reserve  and 
State  Chairman  of  the  Boys  and  Girls  Division  of  the  United  War 
Work  Drive.  In  19 19  he  served  for  six  months  as  lecturer  with  the 
United  States  Army  Educational  Corps  in  France  and  Germany. 

He  was  a  student  at  Columbia  University  during  the  year  1919- 
1920  from  which  institution  he  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
In  1920  he  assisted  in  the  educational  survey  of  the  public  school  sys- 
tem of  Greensboro,  North  Carolina.  In  1920  he  was  appointed 
Director  of  the  Vermont  State  Summer  School  at  Rutland.  He  was 
Associate  in  Educational  Administration  at  Teachers  College,  Co- 
lumbia University,  during  the  year  1920-1921.  During  the  year 
1920-192 1  he  assisted  in  the  educational  survey  of  the  public  school 
system  of  Baltimore,  Maryland. 


31 


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